Abayobozi benshi b'ibihingwa ntibashobora gusubiza ikibazo cyoroshye: igikorwa kimwe cyo gusukura silo gitwara iki?
Bazi icyo fagitire ya rwiyemezamirimo ivuga. Bazi hafi umusaruro wabuze. Ariko iyo ubajijwe umubare urimo umurimo, gutegura umutekano, gukodesha ibikoresho, gutakaza ibicuruzwa, gutakaza gahunda, no gukurikirana gusana, benshi batanga igitekerezo. Kandi gukeka ntabwo ari ishingiro ryibyemezo byo gucunga neza.
Iyi ngingo itanga uburyo. Igabanya ikiguzi cyogusukura silo mubice bipimwa. Itanga formulaire injeniyeri iyo ari yo yose ishobora gukoresha hamwe namakuru asanzwe aboneka mubikoresho byinshi. Kandi irerekana uburyo wakoresha iyo mibare kugirango uhitemo niba ibikoresho byo gukumira cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gukora isuku bitanga umusaruro.
Nta gitekerezo. Nta kwamamaza. Gusa uburyo bwakazi bwo kubara ibyo ukoresha mubyukuri.
Igice cya mbere: Kumena fagitire ya rwiyemezamirimo
Inyemezabuguzi ya rwiyemezamirimo niho isesengura ryibiciro rihagarara. Ariko inyemezabuguzi ubwayo ikubiyemo imirongo myinshi ikwiye gusuzumwa ukwayo.
Mobilisation na demobilisation niwo murongo wambere. Ba rwiyemezamirimo bishyuza kuzana ibikoresho n'abakozi kurubuga rwawe no kubikuraho nyuma. Aya mafaranga ahanini ashyirwaho utitaye kungene isuku ikorwa. Kubikorwa bito byogusukura, mobilisation irashobora kuba ijanisha rinini rya fagitire zose. Kubikorwa binini, birakwirakwira.
Igipimo cyakazi kumasaha nigice cya kabiri. Iki gipimo gikubiyemo umushahara w'abakozi, inyungu zabo, hejuru ya rwiyemezamirimo, n'inyungu. Mu turere tw’inganda zikomeye, ibipimo byose by’imirimo yinjira mu kirere byiyongereye ku gipimo ngarukamwaka kiri hejuru y’ifaranga rusange mu myaka itanu ishize. Umushoferi wingenzi ntabwo ari umushahara wonyine ahubwo kugabanuka kwabakozi babishoboye bafite ubushake bwo gukora uyu murimo.
Amafaranga y'ibikoresho ni umurongo wa gatatu. Ba rwiyemezamirimo barashobora kwishyuza ukwe ku makamyo ya vacuum, imizigo, amashanyarazi, amatara, abafana bahumeka, monitor ya gaze, hamwe na sisitemu yitumanaho. Ba rwiyemezamirimo bamwe bahuza ibikoresho ku gipimo cyisaha. Abandi barashyira mu gaciro. Inzira zose, ibikoresho mubisanzwe bibara igice cya fagitire yose.
Amafaranga yumutekano no kubahiriza ni umurongo wa kane. Harimo gukurikirana gaze, gutabara, gusuzuma abaganga binjira, hamwe ninyandiko. Mu nkiko zimwe na zimwe, ibyo birego biteganijwe n’amabwiriza kandi ntibishobora kuvaho hatitawe ku kuntu akazi koroheje.
Gutunganya imyanda no kujugunya ni umurongo wa gatanu. Ibikoresho byakuwe muri silo bigomba kujya ahantu runaka. Niba ibikoresho bishobora gusubizwa kumurongo, umusaruro wo guta ni muto. Niba ibikoresho byakomanze, byanduye, cyangwa byangiritse, kujugunya birashobora gusaba gufata neza kandi bikabyara amafaranga menshi.
Kubisanzwe bisanzwe bingana na silo ibyabaye, inyemezabuguzi ya rwiyemezamirimo yonyine iri hagati y'ibihumbi byinshi kugeza ku bihumbi mirongo by'amadolari. Ariko iyi niyo ntangiriro yo gusesengura ibiciro.
Igice cya kabiri: Gupima igihombo cy'umusaruro
Igihombo cy'umusaruro mugihe cyo gusukura silo akenshi nicyo kintu kinini kigizwe nigiciro, nyamara ntibikunze kubarwa hamwe nibisobanuro byose.
Kubara bisaba imibare itatu. Iya mbere nigihe cyo guhagarika umusaruro wapimwe mumasaha. Iya kabiri ni igipimo gisanzwe cyumusaruro gipimwa muri toni kumasaha cyangwa ibice kumasaha. Icya gatatu nintererano yintererano kuri toni cyangwa kuri buri gice, bivuze kugurisha igiciro ukuyemo igiciro gihinduka.
Inzira iroroshye. Igihombo cy'umusaruro gihwanye n'amasaha yo guhagarika inshuro igipimo cy'umusaruro inshuro yatanzwe.
Ikibazo ntabwo ari formula ahubwo ni inyongeramusaruro. Amasaha yo guhagarika akenshi ntagereranywa kuko ibikoresho bibara amasaha gusa igihe umusaruro wahagaritswe burundu. Igipimo cyigice cyigice, aho inzira yo hasi ikorera kumuvuduko wagabanutse kuko gusohora silo birabujijwe, nabyo bitera igihombo. Niba silo ishobora gutanga kimwe cya kabiri cyikigero cyayo gisanzwe, igihombo cyiza ni kimwe cya kabiri cyintererano yintererano kuri ayo masaha.
Igipimo cy'umusaruro ubusanzwe kizwi uhereye kumibare isanzwe ikora. Intererano yintererano isaba kwinjiza ibaruramari ariko iraboneka mubikoresho byinshi. Ku nganda zifite ibiciro bihindagurika, ukoresheje impuzandengo mumezi cumi n'abiri ashize bitanga ikigereranyo cyumvikana.
Urugero rukora ibi bifatika. Uruganda rwa sima rukora kuri toni magana abiri kumasaha hamwe nintererano yamadorari icumi kuri toni. Igikorwa cyo gusukura silo gihagarika umusaruro mumasaha cumi n'abiri. Igihombo cy'umusaruro ni inshuro cumi n'ibiri inshuro magana abiri icumi, cyangwa ibihumbi makumyabiri na bine by'amadolari.
Niba igihingwa kimwe cyaragize urujya n'uruza rw'ibice mirongo itanu ku ijana by'igipimo gisanzwe mu gihe cy'amasaha umunani mbere yo guhagarara burundu, igihombo cy'inyongera cyikuba inshuro umunani inshuro ijana icumi, cyangwa ibihumbi umunani by'amadolari. Igihombo cyose cyakozwe kubirori cyaba amadorari ibihumbi mirongo itatu na bibiri.
Menya ko iyi mibare idashyizwemo agaciro k'ibikoresho ubwabyo. Ibyo bibarwa kubitandukanye mugutanga umusanzu. Kubara kabiri ni ikosa risanzwe mugereranya igihombo cy'umusaruro.
Igice cya gatatu: Gufata Gahunda yo Guhagarika Gahunda
Gahunda yo guhagarika gahunda ni ikiguzi cyibikoresho byinshi bibura burundu. Bivuka mugihe ibirori byo gusukura silo bidateganijwe bihatira gusubika indi mirimo yo kubungabunga.
Uburyo bworoshye. Buri gihingwa gifite umubare muto wo gufata neza Windows. Ihagarikwa ryateganijwe riteganijwe amezi mbere. Iyo ibirori bitateganijwe bimara igice cyateganijwe cyo guhagarika idirishya, akazi kari gateganijwe kuriryo dirishya kagomba gusubikwa. Akazi gasubitswe karashobora kugushikana kunanirwa nyuma.
Kubara ingengabihe yo guhagarika gahunda bisaba gukurikirana ibyasubitswe nibyabaye nkigisubizo. Niba igenzura rya turbine ryarasubitswe hanyuma turbine nyuma ikananirwa, igiciro cyuzuye cyo kunanirwa biterwa no guhagarika gahunda. Niba kubungabunga ibidukikije byasubitswe kandi nta gutsindwa kwabayeho, igiciro gishobora kuba zeru. Kutamenya neza bituma iki gice kigora kubara, ariko kubyirengagiza byerekana rwose ikiguzi nyacyo.
Uburyo bufatika nugushira mubikorwa igereranya rishingiye kumibare yinganda. Kubikoresho bifite gahunda ihamye yo gufata neza, guhagarika gahunda mubisanzwe byongera hagati ya icumi na mirongo itatu ku ijana kubiciro bitaziguye byateganijwe. Kubikoresho bifite gahunda idahwitse, ibyongeweho birashobora kuba bike.
Inzira nziza yo kugabanya gushidikanya ni ugutezimbere igenamigambi. Ibikoresho bikomeza buffer muri gahunda zabo zo kubura, kubika igihe runaka kubikorwa bitateganijwe, uburambe bwibiciro byo guhagarika gahunda. Iyi buffer ifite igiciro cyayo, ariko icyo giciro gikwirakwizwa mubyabaye byose aho kwishyurwa byuzuye kuri buri.
Igice cya kane: Kubara Ibitekerezo byubuyobozi
Ubuyobozi bwitondewe nibiciro byigiciro hafi yikigo kitagereranya. Nyamara igihe abayobozi bashinzwe ibihingwa, abagenzuzi bashinzwe kubungabunga, naba injeniyeri bamara mugikorwa cyo gusukura silo kitateganijwe ntabwo ari igihe cyakoreshejwe mumishinga yo kunoza, guhugura abakoresha, cyangwa gutezimbere inzira.
Kubara bisaba gukurikirana amasaha yakoreshejwe na buri ruhare rwubuyobozi kubirori no kugwiza igiciro cyisaha. Igiciro cyisaha kubuyobozi kigomba kubamo umushahara, inyungu, hamwe nogutangwa hejuru.
Urugero. Umuyobozi wuruganda yinjiza amadorari ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu kumwaka akora amasaha ibihumbi bibiri kumwaka, atanga isaha kumadorari mirongo irindwi n'atanu. Niba uwo muyobozi amara amasaha icumi mugikorwa cyo gusukura silo, igiciro ni magana arindwi na mirongo itanu. Umugenzuzi wo kubungabunga amafaranga ibihumbi ijana kumwaka yongeraho andi madolari mirongo itanu kumasaha. Niba umugenzuzi amara amasaha makumyabiri, ayo ni amadorari igihumbi. Injeniyeri kumadorari ibihumbi mirongo inani kumwaka yongeraho amadorari mirongo ine kumasaha. Hamwe namasaha cumi nagatanu, ayo ni amadorari magana atandatu. Igicuruzwa cyose cyitondewe kubirori ni ibihumbi bibiri na magana atatu na mirongo itanu by'amadolari.
Umuntu ku giti cye ni gake cyane atanga ikiguzi kinini cyo kuyobora. Ariko ibikoresho bihura nibyabaye bikusanya igihe gikomeye cyo kuyobora. Umwaka urenga hamwe nibintu icumi, kwita kubuyobozi byonyine bigera ku bihumbi makumyabiri na bitatu magana atanu.
Ingaruka zingenzi ni ikiguzi cyamahirwe. Igihe cyo gucunga cyakoreshejwe kubibazo byinshi ni igihe cyo kuyobora ntikiboneka kugirango tunoze kwizerwa. Ibikoresho bigabanya ibyabaye inshuro zubusa ubushobozi bwo kuyobora kubikorwa bikumira ibizaza.
Igice cya gatanu: Ibyuzuye Byuzuye Ibiciro
Gukurura ibice byose, igiciro cyose cyibikorwa byo gusukura silo birashobora kugaragazwa nkibi bikurikira.
Igiciro cyose gihwanye na fagitire ya rwiyemezamirimo wongeyeho igihombo cy'umusaruro hiyongereyeho guhagarika gahunda hiyongereyeho kwitondera imiyoborere hiyongereyeho ibikoresho byangiritse.
Inyemezabuguzi ya rwiyemezamirimo iraboneka biturutse ku bicuruzwa byaguzwe. Igihombo cy'umusaruro kibarwa nkamasaha yo guhagarika inshuro igipimo cyumusaruro inshuro yatanzwe, harimo nigihe cyo gutembera igice. Guhagarika gahunda byagereranijwe nkijanisha ryibiciro bitaziguye bishingiye kubintu byihariye. Ubuyobozi bwitondewe bubarwa nkamasaha akurikiranwa ninshingano zigihe cyibiciro byisaha. Kwangiza ibikoresho birimo indangagaciro zose, fluidiseri, sensor urwego, cyangwa ibindi bice byananiranye kubera kwirundanya kwateje ibyabaye.
Kubikoresho byinshi, igihombo cyumusaruro nicyo kintu kinini, akenshi kirenga inyemezabuguzi ya kontaro kubintu bibiri cyangwa bitatu. Ubuyobozi kwitondera no guhagarika gahunda byongeweho bito ariko bitari bike. Kwangiza ibikoresho biratandukanye cyane bitewe nuburemere bwikusanyirizo hamwe nintege nke yibice byo hasi.
Ikigereranyo cyumvikana kubintu bisanzwe biciriritse mubikorwa byinganda zikomeza ni uko igiciro cyose kingana ninshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu fagitire ya rwiyemezamirimo. Inyemezabuguzi ibihumbi makumyabiri byamadorari rero yerekana igiciro cyose kiri hagati yamadorari ibihumbi mirongo itandatu na ijana.
Igice cya gatandatu: Gukoresha amakuru yikiguzi kugirango ufate ibyemezo byishoramari
Iyo ikigo gifite amakuru yizewe yibikorwa byo gusukura silo, ayo makuru arashobora gutwara ibyemezo byishoramari. Ubwenge buroroshye. Niba ingamba zo gukumira zigabanya inshuro cyangwa ubukana bwibyabaye, agaciro kayo kangana nigiciro cyibyabaye birinda.
Tekereza robot igenzura igura amadorari ibihumbi makumyabiri. Niba iyo robot yemerera ikigo gukumira ikintu kimwe kumwaka hamwe nigiciro cyamadorari ibihumbi mirongo inani, igihe cyo kwishyura ni amezi atatu. Nubwo robot ibuza gusa ikintu kimwe mumyaka ibiri, igihe cyo kwishyura kiracyari amezi atandatu gusa.
Tekereza ibikoresho byo gusenya kure bigura amadorari ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu. Niba ibyo bikoresho bigabanya ikiguzi cya buri gikorwa kuva ku bihumbi mirongo inani kugeza ku bihumbi makumyabiri by'amadolari ukuraho amafaranga ya rwiyemezamirimo no kugabanya igihe cyo gutakaza umusaruro, kandi niba ikigo kibaye ibintu bitatu ku mwaka, kuzigama buri mwaka ni ibihumbi ijana na mirongo inani. Igihe cyo kwishyura ni amezi icumi.
Tekereza guhindura silo igura igiciro cyamadorari ibihumbi magana atatu. Niba iryo hinduka rigabanya inshuro zabaye kuva kuri eshatu kumwaka kugeza kumwaka umwe, kandi buri gikorwa kigura amadolari ibihumbi mirongo inani, kuzigama kwumwaka ni ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itandatu. Igihe cyo kwishyura ni amezi makumyabiri n'atatu.
Iyi mibare iroroshye. Ikibabuza gukorwa mubikoresho byinshi ntabwo ari ikibazo cya tekiniki ahubwo ni ukubura amakuru. Hatariho ikiguzi cyizewe kuri buri gikorwa, nta cyemezo cyishoramari gishyize mu gaciro kirashoboka.
Igice cya karindwi: Inyandikorugero yoroshye yo gukurikirana ibiciro
Ibikoresho bifuza kunoza amakuru yikiguzi birashobora gushyira mubikorwa byoroshye gukurikirana. Inyandikorugero igomba gushiramo imirima ikurikira.
Itariki y'ibyabaye no kumenyekanisha silo. Impamvu itera, bisobanura icyerekanaga ko isuku yari ikenewe nko kutagenda, kugabanuka, cyangwa kugenzura byateganijwe. Inyemezabuguzi ya rwiyemezamirimo yose hamwe no gusenya ibintu kumurongo. Amasaha yo guhagarika umusaruro ahagarara byuzuye. Amasaha yo kugabanya umusaruro ku gipimo cyigice. Ijanisha ry'igice cy'igice gisanzwe. Tera igipimo gisanzwe cyumusaruro muri toni kumasaha. Amafaranga yatanzwe kuri toni. Biteganijwe ko amasaha yo kuyobora umuyobozi wuruganda, umugenzuzi wo kubungabunga, injeniyeri, nabatekinisiye. Ibikoresho byose byangiritse mugihe cyibirori cyangwa nkibisubizo bitaziguye byo kwegeranya. Gahunda yo guhagarika gahunda yerekana akazi gasubitswe.
Ifishi imwe yurupapuro hamwe nimirima irashobora kuzuzwa muminota cumi n'itanu nyuma yicyabaye. Mugihe cyumwaka, amakuru yakusanyijwe atanga ishusho isobanutse yikiguzi nyacyo.
Ibisohoka byingirakamaro cyane ntabwo arikigereranyo cyibiciro kuri buri kintu ahubwo ni kugabana. Ikigo gishobora kugira ibintu byinshi bihendutse nibintu bike cyane bihenze cyane. Ibintu bihenze cyane, bishobora kubaho rimwe gusa mumwaka, akenshi bitera ubukungu bwishoramari rikumira. Kwirinda ibihumbi ijana byamadorari byerekana neza amafaranga yakoreshejwe kuruta gukumira ibihumbi icumi byamadorari.
Igice cya munani: Amakosa asanzwe mugereranya ibiciro
Amakosa menshi aragaruka mugihe ibikoresho bigerageza kubara ibiciro byogusukura silo. Kwirinda aya makosa bizamura ireme ryicyemezo.
Ikosa rya mbere ni ugukoresha igiciro kuruta gutanga umusanzu mugutakaza umusaruro. Igiciro cyo kugurisha kirimo ibiciro bihinduka nkibikoresho fatizo ningufu zidakorwa mugihe umusaruro uhagaze. Gukoresha kugurisha birenze igihombo no kubogama ibyemezo kubishoramari bitari ngombwa.
Ikosa rya kabiri ni ukwirengagiza igice cyo gutembera igice. Umusaruro urashobora gukomeza mugihe cyogusukura silo ariko kugabanutse. Igihombo cyagabanutse kugiciro nukuri kandi kigomba kubamo.
Ikosa rya gatatu ni kubara inshuro ebyiri agaciro. Niba umusanzu winjiza usanzwe urimo agaciro kibikoresho, ntukongereho ibiciro bitandukanye.
Ikosa rya kane ni gufata ibyemezo byubuyobozi nkubuntu. Ntabwo ari ubuntu. Nibikoresho bishobora koherezwa ahandi.
Ikosa rya gatanu ni ukwirengagiza ikiguzi cyibizakurikiraho. Ishoramari ryo gukumira rikuraho ibizaza rigomba gusuzumwa ukurikije ibiciro byibyo byabaye, ntabwo bihabanye nigiciro cyibikorwa biheruka byonyine. Niba ibyabaye bigenda biba byinshi cyangwa bikomeye, ukoresheje impuzandengo yamateka ugereranya inyungu zizaza.
Umwanzuro
Igiciro nyacyo cyibikorwa byo gusukura silo birazwi. Inyemezabuguzi ya rwiyemezamirimo niyo ntangiriro. Gutakaza umusaruro, guhagarika gahunda, kwita kubuyobozi, no kwangiza ibikoresho byiyongera cyane kuri rusange.
Ibikoresho bikurikirana ibi biciro byunguka inyungu ebyiri. Ubwa mbere, barashobora gufata ibyemezo byishoramari bijyanye nibikoresho bikumira, gahunda yo kugenzura, no guhindura ibishushanyo. Icya kabiri, barashobora gupima imikorere yabo nibikorwa bisa kandi bakamenya amahirwe yo gutera imbere.
Uburyo bwasobanuwe muriyi ngingo ntibusaba software idasanzwe cyangwa inkunga yo kugisha inama. Injeniyeri yinganda iyo ariyo yose ifite amakuru yumusaruro, amakuru y'ibaruramari, n'urupapuro rushobora kubishyira mu bikorwa. Gusa icyangombwa ni disipuline yo gukusanya amakuru nyuma ya buri gikorwa nubushake bwo kwizera icyo imibare yerekana.
Kubayobozi bashinzwe ibihingwa batigeze babara ikiguzi cyuzuye cyogusukura silo, kubara kwambere biratangaje. Umubare ni munini kuruta uko byari byitezwe. Ibyo gutungurwa nintangiriro yubuyobozi bwiza.
