Intangiriro
Mu mikorere ya buri munsi yibikorwa byinganda, ingaruka zimwe zitaweho cyane mugihe izindi zikomeza gusuzugurwa. Ibintu byibiza nkibisasu cyangwa gusenyuka byubaka gutegeka ubuyobozi bwibanze. Amafaranga asanzwe akoreshwa nkamasaha y'ikirenga y'akazi cyangwa gusimburwa gukoreshwa bikurikiranwa neza. Ariko hagati yizo ntagondwa haribintu bihumye bitwara abakora inganda ibihumbi ijana byamadorari buri mwaka utarigeze ugaragara ku nyungu n’igihombo.
Silo idateganijwe igihe cyo guterwa no kwirundanyiriza ibintu, ikiraro, cyangwa gutobora imbeba nicyo kibanza gihumye.
Iyo silo ya sima ihagaritse gusohora kumunsi wa gatanu nyuma ya saa sita, itsinda ryo kubungabunga rihura nimibare isanzwe. Iyishyure amasaha y'ikirenga kubakozi bintoki kugirango binjire kandi bakureho inzitizi. Emera iminsi itatu kugeza kuri itanu yo gutakaza umusaruro mugihe hashyizweho scafolding kandi hashyizweho umwuka. Cyangwa kureka ikibazo kugeza igihe giteganijwe gitaha kandi bishobora kurushaho kwangirika.
Buri cyiciro gitwara ibiciro. Ariko ibikoresho bike bikurikirana ibi biciro kuri gahunda. Nkigisubizo, umutwaro nyawo wubukungu wigihe cya silo utateganijwe ukomeza guhishwa. Kandi ibibazo byihishe ntibikunze kwakira ibisubizo bihagije.
Iyi ngingo iragereranya ikiguzi nyacyo cyigihe cya silo idateganijwe, isuzuma impamvu uburyo bwo gusubiza gakondo bwananiranye, ikanagaragaza urwego rwo kuva mubuyobozi bukemura ibibazo bikabuza gukumira igihe.
Igice cya mbere: Anatomy ya Silo idateganijwe
Mbere yo kubara ibiciro, birakenewe kumva uburyo silo idateganijwe kumanuka ibaho. Uburyo bukoreshwa neza nitsinda ryibikorwa ariko ntibikunze gusesengurwa kurwego rwa sisitemu.
Uburyo bukunze kunanirwa nuburyo bwo gusohora. Ibikoresho bihagarara gutemba biva muri silo bitewe nububiko, aho umubumbe uhagaze hejuru yugurura imyanda, cyangwa kubera imbeba, aho imigezi ikora umuyoboro muto mugihe ibintu bikikije bikomeza guhagarara. Ibintu byombi mubisanzwe bikura buhoro buhoro muminsi cyangwa ibyumweru. Umukoresha abanza kubona igihe kinini cyo gusohora. Noneho gutembera rimwe na rimwe. Hanyuma wuzuze.
Uburyo bwa kabiri bwo kunanirwa ni ugutakaza ubushobozi. Ibikoresho birundanya kurukuta rwa silo cyangwa muri zone zapfuye, bigabanya ububiko bwiza. Ibi ntabwo bihagarika umusaruro ako kanya ariko bihatira ikigo gukora hamwe nububiko bwagabanijwe. Iyo inzira yo hejuru ikomeje kugaburira ibikoresho mugihe inzira yo hasi ikuramo kuva kugabanuka kwingirakamaro ikoreshwa, ibyago byo guhagarika ku gahato byiyongera hamwe na buri saha.
Uburyo bwa gatatu bwo kunanirwa ni ibikoresho byangiritse bijyanye no kwegeranya. Ibikoresho byubatswe hafi yimyanda isohoka, ibyapa bisukuye, cyangwa sensor urwego birashobora gutera guhuza imashini, gusoma ibinyoma, cyangwa kunanirwa kwuzuye. Akenshi ibikorwa byo gukora isuku ntibiterwa no kwirundanya ubwabyo ahubwo biterwa no kunanirwa kw'ibice byo hasi ko kwirundanya byangiritse.
Muri buri kintu, igihe cyo gutsindwa ntigiteganijwe. Ibi bitateganijwe nisoko yibiciro byinshi.
Igice cya kabiri: Ibiciro bitaziguye - Biboneka ariko akenshi Bidafatika
Iyo silo ihagaritse gusohora mu buryo butunguranye, ibiciro byihuse biragaragara ariko akenshi ntibisuzumwa muri bije ya ante.
Igiciro cya mbere kiziguye ni umurimo wihutirwa. Abakozi basukura intoki bashoboye kwinjira mumwanya ufunzwe bategeka ibiciro bya premium kumurimo uteganijwe. Kubatabaza byihutirwa, ibiciro mubisanzwe byiyongera kuri mirongo itanu kugeza ku ijana. Muri wikendi nikiruhuko abagwiza basaba. Kubikoresho byo mukarere bifite uburinzi bukomeye bwumurimo, byibuze guhamagara igihe cyamasaha umunani cyangwa amasaha cumi n'abiri arasanzwe, utitaye kumwanya muto akazi nyako gasaba.
Igiciro cya kabiri kiziguye ni ugutegura umutekano. Mbere yuko umuntu uwo ari we wese yinjira muri silo, ikirere kigomba kugeragezwa kandi kigakomeza gukurikiranwa. Ibikoresho byo guhumeka bigomba koherezwa. Abakozi bashinzwe ubutabazi bagomba guhagarikwa aho binjirira. Ibikoresho byawe birinda harimo guhumeka ikirere, ibikoresho, nibikoresho byitumanaho bigomba kwambarwa no kugenzurwa. Buri kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho gitwara amafaranga ataziguye. Hamwe na hamwe, barashobora kunganya cyangwa kurenza ikiguzi cyakazi kubakozi bakora isuku ubwayo.
Igiciro cya gatatu kiziguye ni scafolding cyangwa ibikoresho. Silos nyinshi isaba scafolding imbere kugirango igere ahantu hateraniye hejuru kurukuta cyangwa mugice cya cone. Gukora scafolding imbere yumwanya ufunzwe biratinda, akazi gakomeye, kandi ukurikije ibisabwa byumutekano. Rimwe na rimwe, kwishyiriraho scafolding bifata igihe kirekire kuruta akazi ko gukora isuku.
Igiciro cya kane kiziguye ni ugukoresha ibikoresho no kujugunya. Ibikoresho byakuwe muri silo bigomba kujyanwa hanze yikigo. Niba ibikoresho byakomanze cyangwa byahinduye imitungo mugihe cyo kubika igihe kirekire, birashobora gukenera kumenagura cyangwa kubitunganya mbere yuko bisubizwa kumurongo wibyakozwe cyangwa byoherejwe guta imyanda. Buri ntambwe yo gukemura yongeramo umurimo, ibikoresho, hamwe nogutwara amafaranga.
Ibiciro bitaziguye, iyo byegeranijwe kubintu bisanzwe biciriritse bya silo, akenshi bigera kumibare irenze guta agaciro kwumwaka wibikoresho byogusukura byikora. Nyamara kubera ko bafatwa nkibintu byihutirwa bidasanzwe aho kuba ibiciro byateganijwe, ntibakunze gukurura ishoramari.
Igice cya gatatu: Ibiciro bitaziguye - Ubwinshi Bwihishe
Ibiciro bitaziguye, nubwo ari byinshi, byerekana gusa igice cyingaruka zukuri zubukungu bwa silo idateganijwe. Igice kinini kiri mubiciro bitaziguye bitigera bigaragara kuri fagitire yo kubungabunga.
Igiciro cyingenzi kitaziguye ni ukubura umusaruro. Iyo silo ihagaritse gusohora, inzira yohasi itinda cyangwa igahagarara burundu. Mu nganda zikomeza kubyara nka sima, kubyara amashanyarazi, cyangwa gutunganya ibiryo, buri saha yo kumanura igabanya umusaruro udashobora kugarurwa. Bitandukanye ninganda zidasanzwe aho guhinduranya amasaha arashobora kwishyura igihe cyatakaye, inzira zihoraho zitakaza ibicuruzwa burundu.
Agaciro k'umusaruro watakaye biterwa nu ntera yikigo. Kubicuruzwa biciriritse cyangwa ubushobozi bwamasoko yabujijwe, buri toni idakozwe byerekana kugabanuka gutaziguye. Kubikoresho bikora hafi yubushobozi bwuzuye, niyo amasaha cumi n'abiri yigihe cyateganijwe adashobora guhindura ibisubizo byamafaranga buri gihembwe.
Igiciro cya kabiri kiziguye ni gahunda yo guhagarika gahunda. Gahunda ya silo idateganijwe gake ibaho mugihe cyoroshye. Bibaho muri wikendi, mugihe cyibisabwa cyane, cyangwa ako kanya mbere yo guhagarika igihe umusaruro umaze kuba mukibazo. Iyo ibintu bitateganijwe bihatira guhindura gahunda yibindi bikorwa byo kubungabunga, ingaruka za casade ziragwira. Igenzura rya turbine ryatinzeho iminsi ibiri kuko isuku ya silo yakoresheje idirishya ryo kubungabunga irashobora gutuma habaho gutsindwa gutandukanye nyuma yicyumweru.
Igiciro cya gatatu kiziguye ni logistique hamwe ningaruka zo gutanga. Kubikoresho bikora mugihe cyibikorwa byo kubara cyangwa bifasha abakiriya bafite idirishya ryogutanga ibintu, guhagarika umusaruro umwe utateganijwe bishobora gutera ibihano bitangwa bitinze, ibyangiritse kumasezerano, cyangwa igihombo cyabakiriya. Mu nganda zimwe, ibicuruzwa bimwe byabuze bishobora kuvamo igihombo gihoraho cya konti yabakiriya.
Igiciro cya kane kiziguye ni ukwitondera ubuyobozi. Nubwo bigoye kubara, gutandukanya umuyobozi wuruganda, umugenzuzi wo kubungabunga, hamwe nubushobozi bwubwubatsi mugukemura ibibazo bifite ikiguzi cyukuri. Igihe cyakoreshejwe mugucunga ibintu byihutirwa nigihe nticyakoreshejwe mumishinga itezimbere kwizerwa, amahugurwa yabakoresha, cyangwa gutezimbere inzira. Mugihe cyumwaka, ibikoresho bifite uburambe burigihe butateganijwe bikoresha igice kinini cyubushobozi bwabo bwo gucunga umuriro aho gutera imbere.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana ko kubikoresho byinshi, igiciro cyose kitaziguye cyigihe cyo guteganya igihe cyateganijwe kirenze ikiguzi cya gatatu kugeza kuri bitanu. Igikorwa cya silo gitwara amadolari ibihumbi icumi mugukoresha isuku itaziguye rero gishobora gutwara amadolari ibihumbi mirongo itatu kugeza kuri mirongo itanu mugiciro cyihishe. Nyamara kubera ko ibiciro bitaziguye bitagaragara kumurongo umwe wingengo yimari, ntibikunze gushyirwa mubyemezo bijyanye nishoramari rikumira.
Igice cya kane: Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gusubiza nuburyo bwatsinzwe
Urebye ibiciro byavuzwe haruguru, kuki ibikoresho byinshi bikomeza gushingira kubikorwa byogukora isuku? Igisubizo kiri muburyo amashyirahamwe abona no gutunganya amafaranga adasanzwe.
Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gusubiza bukurikiza uburyo buteganijwe. Silo ihagarika gusohora. Itsinda ryo kubungabunga rishyira mubikorwa by'agateganyo nko gukubita cyangwa ku nyundo. Iyo gukosora by'agateganyo binaniwe, ikigo guhamagara rwiyemezamirimo wogusukura byihutirwa. Rwiyemezamirimo arangiza akazi. Ibikorwa birakomeza. Inyemezabuguzi yishyuwe. Kandi icyitegererezo gisubiramo ubutaha kwirundanya bigera kurwego rukomeye.
Iyi moderi ikomeza kubwimpamvu nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, ikiguzi cya buri gikorwa cyihariye, nubwo gikomeye, ni gake cyane bihagije kugirango habeho imipaka yemewe. Inyemezabuguzi ibihumbi makumyabiri by'amadolari yo koza byihutirwa irashobora kutoroha ariko irashobora kwinjizwa mu ngengo yimikorere. Sisitemu yo gukora isuku ibihumbi magana abiri bisaba gusaba igishoro, kwerekana imiyoborere, no kubara imyaka myinshi yo kwishyura. Amafaranga make, asubirwamo byoroshye muri politiki byoroshye kubyemera kuruta gushora imari nini, inshuro imwe, kabone niyo amafaranga yakoreshejwe asubiramo vuba vuba gushora.
Icya kabiri, igihe cyibiciro ninyungu ntabwo bihuye. Inyungu yibikoresho byogusukura byikora bigerwaho nkuko twirinze igihe kizaza. Ariko wirinze kumanura ni ukubura ibyabaye, bigoye kubipima kandi ntibishoboka kubyitegereza muburyo butaziguye. Abashinzwe ibihingwa bashora imari mubikoresho byo kwirinda bagomba kurengera ishoramari ridahuje, ibyari kugenda bitabaye. Bagenzi babo bakomeje kwishyura inyemezabuguzi zihutirwa barashobora kwerekana imirimo yihariye yarangiye kumafaranga yakoreshejwe. Amafaranga agaragara aroroshye byoroshye gusobanura kuruta kuzigama kutagaragara.
Icya gatatu, kwibuka mumikorere yibihe byo hasi ni bigufi. Ikigo gishobora guhura na silo eshatu zitateganijwe mu mwaka, buri kimwe gitera ihungabana rikomeye. Ariko umuyobozi ushinzwe kubungabunga gahunda yemeza sisitemu yogukora isuku agomba kwerekana ishingiro ryishoramari rishingiye ku kigereranyo cyibintu. Mugihe sisitemu yashizwemo kandi ikora, amakuru yihariye yibyabaye yarayoyotse kuva mububiko rusange. Umubabaro wagize ishingiro ishoramari ntukigaragara.
Izi mpamvu zimyitwarire zisobanura impamvu moderi zifatika zikomeza nubwo zaba ziri mubukungu. Kubitsinda bisaba ubundi buryo bwo kubara ibiciro no gushora imari.
Igice cya gatanu: Urwego rwo gukumira - Guhindura umurongo
Kwimuka uva mubisubizo byikibazo cyo gukumira igihe cyo gukumira bisaba guhinduka mubyiciro bitatu: gupima, ikoranabuhanga, nibikorwa.
Kurwego rwo gupima, ibikoresho bigomba gutangira gukurikirana igiciro cyuzuye cya silo idateganijwe. Ibi bivuze gufata gusa amafaranga ataziguye yo gukora isuku yihutirwa ariko nanone agaciro k'umusaruro wabuze, ikiguzi cyo guhagarika gahunda, hamwe nogutanga ibitekerezo kubuyobozi. Inyandikorugero yoroshye yongewe kumurongo wibikorwa isubiramo irashobora kubigeraho. Urufunguzo ni uguhuzagurika. Buri kintu cyose, tutitaye ku bunini, cyakira isesengura ryibiciro bimwe. Gusa hamwe namakuru yuzuye arashobora kumva umutwaro wukuri wubukungu.
Ku rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho bigomba gusuzuma ibikoresho byogusukura no kugenzura byubusa ku giciro rusange cya nyirubwite aho kugura igiciro. Imashini zigenzura zitwara igice cyikintu kimwe cyihutirwa gishobora gutanga imburi hakiri kare mbere yuko kwirundanya bigera kurwego rukomeye. Ibikoresho byo gusenya kure bisaba amahugurwa yabakozi birashobora gusaranganywa muri silos nyinshi cyangwa nibikoresho byinshi. Urubanza rwishoramari ruratera imbere cyane mugihe rusuzumwe nigiciro cyuzuye cyibibazo byakumiriwe aho kuba igiciro cyibikoresho byonyine.
Kurwego rwibikorwa, gusukura silo bigomba kwinjizwa muri sisitemu yo kubungabunga. Ibi bivuze ubugenzuzi buteganijwe ukoresheje uburyo bwa kure cyangwa robot. Bisobanura gusobanura imbarutso yo gutabara hashingiwe ku ntera yo gupimwa aho gupimwa byuzuye. Kandi bivuze kugena ingengo yimari yo gukumira isuku nkigikorwa cyateganijwe aho gusaba amafaranga yihutirwa nyuma yo gutsindwa.
Guhindura kuva reaction kugirango wirinde ntibisaba gukuraho ibintu byose bitateganijwe ako kanya. Birasaba kugabanya inshuro zabo n'uburemere. Ikigo kibona silo eshatu zitateganijwe zihagarara kumwaka zirashobora kubanza intego imwe, hanyuma bibiri muribyo bikorwa byo gukumira. Buri kintu cyakumiriwe gitanga amafaranga yo kuzigama ashobora kugarurwa mubushobozi bwo gukumira. Ingaruka yo guteranya, iyo itangiye, irihuta.
Igice cya gatandatu: Ingero z'imanza - Ibyo Gukumira Byatsinze Bisa
Mugihe amakuru yihariye yikigo adashobora gusaranganywa nta masezerano y’ibanga, uburyo bwagaragaye muri gahunda nziza zo gukumira burahoraho kandi bwigisha.
Muburyo bumwe, ibikoresho byatangije igenzura rya robo buri gihembwe byagabanije ibihe bya silo bitateganijwe kurenza igice cya kabiri mumezi cumi n'abiri. Amakuru yubugenzuzi yemereye amatsinda yo kubungabunga gahunda yo gukora isuku mugihe cyateganijwe aho kwitwara mugihe cyihutirwa. Igiciro cya gahunda yo kugenzura nticyari munsi yikiguzi cyihutirwa kimwe.
Mu bundi buryo, ibikoresho byashora mubikoresho byo gusenya kure kuri silos zabo zifite ibibazo cyane byabonye igihe cyo kwishyura kitarenze amezi atandatu. Ibikoresho, bikoreshwa nabatojwe nabakozi bo munzu, byahanaguye ibicuruzwa mumasaha aho kuba iminsi. Kugabanuka kw'igihombo cy'umusaruro byonyine byashimangiye ishoramari.
Mu buryo bwa gatatu, ibikoresho byahujwe no kugabanya inkomoko kuri silos nshya hamwe nubugenzuzi bwa robo kuri silos zihari byaragabanutse cyane mukwirundanya bijyanye nigihe cyo guhunika mugihe cyose babitse. Silos nshya isaba isuku nkeya. Silos iriho yakiriye intervention igamije ishingiye kumibare. Igiciro cyose cyo kubungabunga silo yagabanutse nubwo ibikoresho byiyongera.
Ibishushanyo bisangiye ibintu bisanzwe. Ibipimo bibanziriza ibikorwa. Ikoranabuhanga rituma uburyo bushya bwo gukora. Guhindura inzira bikomeza inyungu. Kandi ishoramari ryambere, haba mubikoresho byo kugenzura, ibikoresho byo gusenya, cyangwa guhindura imashini, bifite ishingiro nigiciro cyibibazo birinda.
Umwanzuro
Gahunda idahwitse ya silo ntabwo ari igikorwa cya kamere. Ningaruka ziteganijwe zo kwegeranya zemerewe gutera imbere kunanirwa. Ibiciro ni byinshi, binini cyane kuruta ibikoresho byinshi bibarwa. Kandi ibisubizo birahari, byemejwe, kandi birhendutse.
Ikibuza kwakirwa cyane muri gahunda zo gukumira isuku ntabwo bishoboka tekiniki ahubwo ni inertia yubuyobozi. Ibiciro byurugero rwibikorwa byihishe mumirongo myinshi yingengo yimari. Inyungu zicyitegererezo cyo gukumira ziterwa nibintu bitabaho. Kandi abafata ibyemezo bemeza ishoramari bashingiwe kumatiku ya buri munsi yo gutabaza byihutirwa.
Kurenga iyi inertia bisaba guhinduka muburyo ibiciro byo hasi bipimwa kandi bikamenyeshwa. Iyo abayobozi bashinzwe ibihingwa bashobora kwerekana ishusho yuzuye yikiguzi, harimo umusaruro wabuze, guhagarika gahunda, hamwe no kwita kubuyobozi, ikibazo cyishoramari mugukumira isuku kiragaragara. Kuzigama kugirango wirinde ikintu kimwe kidateganijwe akenshi kirenga ikiguzi cyibikoresho bikenewe kugirango birinde.
Kubikoresho biracyakora muburyo butagaragara, intambwe yambere ni gupima. Kurikirana ibyakurikiyeho bidateganijwe hamwe na comptabilite yuzuye. Gereranya igiteranyo nigiciro cyimashini igenzura cyangwa igikoresho cyo gusenya kure. Icyuho, kimaze kugaragara, gisaba ibikorwa.
Intambwe ya kabiri ni ugushira mubikorwa. Hitamo silo imwe, ikibazo kimwe, intervention imwe. Gupima ibisubizo. Andika kuzigama. Wubaka icyizere.
Intambwe ya gatatu ni ugupima. Ongera imyitozo yo gukumira kuri silos yinyongera. Kwinjiza isuku ya silo muri gahunda isanzwe yo kubungabunga. Hindura ikigo mubibazo byakemuwe kugirango wizere.
Gahunda ya silo idateganijwe ihenze. Ariko nanone irashobora kwirindwa. Ibikoresho birahari. Ubukungu bukora. Ikintu cyabuze gusa ni icyemezo cyo gutangira.
