Ni kangahe silo igomba gusukurwa? Baza abayobozi icumi b'ibihingwa uzabona ibisubizo icumi bitandukanye. Bamwe basukuye kuri kalendari yagenwe niba silo ikeneye cyangwa idakenewe. Abandi barindira gushika imigezi ihagaze burundu. Benshi bagwa ahantu hagati, bashingiye kubushishozi nuburambe bwashize aho kuba amakuru.
Inshuro iboneye ntabwo ari imwe kuri buri silo. Ibintu bifatika, igishushanyo cya silo, igihe cyo kubika, hamwe nibidukikije byose bigira ingaruka kuburyo kwirundanya gukura vuba. Inshuro ikora kuri silo imwe irashobora kuba kenshi cyangwa ntago ihagije kubindi.
Iyi ngingo itanga urwego rwo kumenya inshuro zogusukura zishingiye kubipimo byapimwe kuruta gukeka. Irasobanura ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cyo gukusanya, isobanura uburyo bwo gushyiraho amakuru y'ibanze, kandi itanga uburyo bufatika bwo guhindura inshuro uko ibihe bihinduka.
Igice cya mbere: Impamvu Imikorere Ihamye Yatsinzwe
Ibikoresho byinshi bisukura silos kuri gahunda yagenwe. Buri mezi atandatu. Rimwe mu mwaka. Nyuma yo guhagarika. Logic iroroshye: gusukura kuri gahunda birinda gutsindwa gutunguranye.
Ikibazo nuko kwirundanya bidakurikiza ikirangaminsi. Silo ikora ibikoresho byumye, bitemba byubusa mubihe byumye birashobora gusaba isuku rimwe mumyaka ibiri. Ibikoresho bimwe bya silo hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe cyimvura birashobora gusaba isuku buri mezi atatu. Gahunda ihamye byanze bikunze iganisha ku gukora isuku cyane, guta amafaranga, cyangwa ntibihagije, bishobora gutsindwa.
Gahunda ihamye nayo irananirana kuko ntabwo ibara impinduka mubikorwa. Ikigo gihindura abatanga ibikoresho, gihindura igipimo cyumusaruro, cyangwa gihindura uburyo bwo kumisha gishobora kubona igipimo cyo gukusanya gihinduka cyane. Gahunda ihamye irakomeza nka mbere, ubu idahuye nibihe bifatika.
Ubundi buryo buteganijwe ni gahunda ishingiye ku isuku. Aho kugira ngo usukure ku italiki, sukura mugihe ibipimo byerekana ko kwirundanya bigeze kurenga. Ubu buryo busaba gupima, ariko gupima ntibigomba kuba bigoye cyangwa bihenze.
Igice cya kabiri: Ibintu Bitwara Igipimo cyo Kwiyongera
Gusobanukirwa igipimo cyo kwegeranya bisaba kumenya igitera ibintu gukomera kurukuta rwa silo kandi ukagumayo aho gusohoka.
Ubushuhe nibintu bisanzwe. Ibikoresho byinshi bikurura ubuhehere buturuka mu kirere cyangwa bigumana ubushuhe bwo gutunganya. Mugihe ubuhehere bwiyongera, ibice bigenda bikomera. Urwego rukomeye rwubushuhe buratandukanye kubintu. Isima irashobora gutangira gukomera kubintu bitarimo ubushyuhe buke. Ibinyampeke birashobora kwihanganira ubushuhe bwinshi mbere yo gukomera. Imihindagurikire yigihe cyubushuhe, cyane cyane mukarere gafite ibihe byizuba kandi byumye, birashobora guhindura igipimo cyo kwegeranya cyane.
Ingano nini nuburyo nabyo bifite akamaro. Ibice byiza bifite ubuso bunini kuri buri gice kandi birashoboka cyane imbaraga zifatika. Ibice bidasanzwe bihuza byoroshye kuruta ibice. Ibikoresho bifite ingano nini yo gukwirakwiza birashobora gutandukana mugihe cyo kuzuza, hamwe nuduce twiza twimukira kurukuta aho bishobora kubitsa bikomeye.
Urukuta rwa Silo rugira ingaruka ku kwirundanya. Urukuta rworoshye rufite impuzu nke zivanze zisuka ibintu byoroshye kuruta beto ikaze cyangwa ibyuma byangiritse. Silos ishaje ifite ibyangiritse kurukuta cyangwa ibitagenda neza birundanya ibintu byihuse kuruta silos nshya ifite ubuso bworoshye. Imiterere y'urukuta ubwayo irahinduka mugihe bitewe no kwambara, kubora, nuburyo bwambere bwo gukora isuku.
Kwuzuza no gusohora uburyo bigira ingaruka aho byegeranijwe. Ibikoresho bigira ingaruka kurukuta mugihe cyo kuzuza birashobora kwiyubaka aho bigeze. Gusohora gukora imiyoboro ya feri aho kuba ibintu byinshi bisiga ibintu kurukuta hanze yumuyoboro. Uburinganire bwa geometrike yo hepfo ya silo, harimo inguni ya hopper nubunini busohoka, igena niba imigezi myinshi cyangwa imiyoboro ya feri ibaho.
Igihe cyo kubika nikindi kintu. Ibikoresho biguma muri silo igihe kirekire bifite igihe kinini cyo guhuza no kubahiriza. Ibikoresho bihindura silos byihuse akenshi bifite kwirundanya gake ugereranije nibikoresho bicara ibyumweru cyangwa ukwezi.
Igice cya gatatu: Gupima Kwiyongera Utarinze Silo
Inzitizi nini zibangamira isuku ishingiye kumyizerere ni ukwemera ko kwirundanya bidashobora gupimwa utabanje gusiba silo. Iyi myizerere ni ibinyoma.
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima burahari kandi bufite akamaro. Bikunze kugaragara cyane ni inkoni yumvikana, inkoni ndende yamanurwa ikanyura ku cyambu cyinjira cyangwa ikanyura hejuru ya silo. Umukoresha yumva arwanya iyo inkoni ihuza ibikoresho byegeranijwe. Mugupima intera inkoni yinjira, ubunini bwikusanyirizo burashobora kugereranywa.
Kuri silos hamwe nibintu byinshi byinjira, amajwi atunganijwe ahantu henshi atanga ikarita yo gukwirakwiza. Ikarita yerekana aho ibikoresho byubatswe n'ubunini. Ijwi rifata iminota kuri silo kandi ntirisaba ibikoresho byihariye birenze inkoni hamwe na kaseti.
Ubundi buryo buhanitse burimo kamera zo kugenzura zamanuwe muri silo binyuze ku byambu. Izi kamera zitanga ibyemezo byerekana ubunini bwikwirakwizwa no gukwirakwizwa. Sisitemu zimwe zirimo amatara hamwe na pan tilt zoom ubushobozi bwo kugenzura byuzuye. Ibiciro by'izi kamera byagabanutse cyane mumyaka yashize, bituma bigera kubikoresho byinshi.
Kuri silos hamwe na sensor urwego, ibyasomwe ubwabyo bitanga amakuru ataziguye. Niba urwego rwerekana sensor yerekana ibintu bihari ariko igipimo cyo gusohoka kiragabanuka, kwirundanya bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko. Niba urwego rukora rwerekana gahoro kurenza uko byari byateganijwe kugabanuka mugihe cyo gusohora, ubushobozi bwiza bushobora kuba bwaragabanutse no kwirundanya.
Ihame ryingenzi nugupima ubudasiba. Uburyo bumwe bwo gupima, ahantu hamwe, kuri gahunda imwe, butanga amakuru agereranijwe mugihe. Aya makuru yerekana imigendekere yikusanyirizo ridashobora kugaragara uhereye kubipimo bimwe.
Igice cya kane: Gushiraho Ibyingenzi
Mbere yo kumenya inshuro zogusukura, ikigo kigomba gushyiraho amakuru yibanze ku gipimo cyo kwegeranya. Ibi bisaba ibipimo byafashwe mugihe gisanzwe mugihe gikubiyemo imikorere isanzwe.
Uburyo bworoshye nugupima kwirundanya ahantu hamwe cyangwa bitatu muri buri silo rimwe mukwezi kumezi atandatu. Andika itariki, umukoresha wafashe ibipimo, ahantu, n'ubugari bwapimwe. Andika kandi imikorere ikora nkubwoko bwibintu, ibirimo ubuhehere, igipimo cyumusaruro, nigihe cyo kubika.
Nyuma y'amezi atandatu, amakuru azerekana icyitegererezo. Silos zimwe zishobora kwerekana bike cyangwa nta kwirundanya. Abandi barashobora kwerekana imyubakire ihamye. Igipimo cyo kwiyubaka, gipimwa muri milimetero ku kwezi cyangwa santimetero ku kwezi, kiba ishingiro ryo kumenya inshuro zisukura.
Kurugero, niba silo yerekana kwirundanya kwiyongera kuri santimetero ebyiri buri kwezi, kandi inzitizi zikomeye kubibazo bitemba ni santimetero mirongo itatu, noneho silo izagera kumuryango mumezi agera kuri cumi natanu. Intera yo gukora isuku yamezi cumi n'abiri itanga intera yumutekano.
Ibyibanze fatizo nabyo byerekana ibihe byigihe. Niba igipimo cyo kwirundanya kiri hejuru mu cyi no munsi yimbeho, isuku irashobora gutegurwa kugirango wirinde ibihe bibi cyangwa irashobora guhinduka mugihe cyigihe.
Igice cya gatanu: Gushiraho inzitizi
Urutonde rw'isuku ni urwego rwo kwirundanya rutera intervention. Gushiraho iyi mbago bisaba kuringaniza ingaruka ebyiri. Isuku hakiri kare isesagura amafaranga. Isuku yatinze cyane ingaruka zitemba.
Irembo rigomba gushingira ku isano iri hagati yubunini bwo gukusanya no gukora neza. Muri silos zimwe, ndetse no kwirundanyiriza mu rugero nta ngaruka bigira ku gusohora kuko ibintu binyura mu muyoboro wo hagati. Muyandi silos, umubare muto wo kwegeranya hafi yisohoka urashobora gutera ibibazo byihuse.
Uburyo bufatika bwo gushyiraho urwego ni indorerezi. Kurikirana ibipimo byo gukusanya hamwe nibikorwa byo gusohora. Reba kurwego rwo gukusanya igipimo cyo gusohoka gitangira kugabanuka. Reba kurwego rutemba ruhagarara rwose. Irembo rigomba gushyirwaho neza mbere yingingo zihagarara.
Kuri silos nyinshi, urwego ruri hagati ya mirongo itanu na mirongo irindwi kwijana ryurwego rwo kwegeranya rwatera guhagarara. Uru rutonde rutanga umutekano mugihe wirinze gukora isuku cyane.
Umubare ntarengwa. Mugihe imiterere ya silo ihinduka, urwego rushobora gukenera guhinduka. Silo ifite liner nshya yashizwemo irashobora kwihanganira kwirundanya mbere yuko ibibazo bitemba bibaho. Silo yongerewe ibicuruzwa irashobora kuba yunvikana cyane.
Igice cya gatandatu: Guhindura inshuro zishingiye ku mpinduka zikorwa
Imiterere yimikorere irahinduka. Iyo bihindutse, isuku inshuro nayo igomba guhinduka. Amakuru yakusanyirijwe mugihe cyibanze ashingiraho atanga ingingo yo gukosora.
Guhindura inkomoko yibintu ni imbarutso yo guhinduranya inshuro. Ibirombe bitandukanye, abatanga ibintu bitandukanye, cyangwa ibyiciro bitandukanye byumusaruro birashobora kugira ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, gukwirakwiza ingano, cyangwa ibigize imiti. Nyuma yo guhindura ibintu, ongera inshuro zipimwa byigihe gito kugirango umenye niba igipimo cyo gukusanya cyahindutse.
Guhindura igipimo cy'umusaruro nabyo bigira ingaruka ku kwirundanya. Kwinjira cyane bisobanura ibintu byinshi binyura muri silo, bishobora kongera kwirundanya bitewe nibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kurukuta cyangwa kugabanya kwirundanya kuko silo ihindurwa vuba. Ingaruka nyayo iterwa nuburyo bwihariye.
Imihindagurikire yimiterere yikirere, cyane cyane ihindagurika ryigihe, irashobora kugira ingaruka kubirimo. Ibikoresho byinshi byongera inshuro zo gupima mugihe cyizuba kandi bikagabanuka mugihe cyizuba igihe ibihe byashizweho.
Guhindura ibikoresho bigira ingaruka kuri silo ubwayo nabyo bifite akamaro. Imirongo mishya, yasanwe hejuru yurukuta, cyangwa sisitemu yo gusohora ibintu byose bihindura ibiranga kwirundanya. Nyuma yo guhindura silo iyariyo yose, ongera ushyireho amakuru y'ibanze mbere yo gusubira kuri gahunda isanzwe yo gupima.
Igice cya karindwi: Ubukungu bwibyemezo bya Frequency
Gusukura ibyemezo byinshuro bifite ingaruka zubukungu. Isuku cyane isesagura umutungo. Isuku cyane cyane ishobora gutakaza umusaruro nigiciro cyihutirwa.
Isesengura ry'ubukungu rigereranya ikiguzi cyo gukora isuku ikumira nigiciro cyogusukura byihutirwa no gutakaza umusaruro. Isuku yo gukumira irashobora gutegurwa mugihe cyateganijwe, wirinda gutakaza umusaruro. Isuku yihutirwa ibaho mugihe urujya n'uruza rumaze guhagarara, bigatera igihombo kandi akenshi bisaba amasaha y'ikirenga cyangwa umushahara muto.
Imibare iroroshye. Niba isuku yo gukumira igura amadolari ibihumbi bitanu kandi ikabuza ikintu cyihutirwa cyumwaka gitwara ibihumbi mirongo itanu byamadorari, isuku yo gukumira irakwiye nubwo byakorwa kenshi kuruta ibikenewe cyane. Niba isuku yo gukumira igura amadolari ibihumbi bitanu kandi ikabuza ko ibintu byihutirwa kuko silo ntiyari kunanirwa uko byagenda kose, isuku iraseswa.
Ikibazo ni uko inyungu zo gukora isuku ikumira ari ukubuza ikintu gishobora kuba cyangwa kitarabaye. Uku gushidikanya kurashobora gutuma haba hejuru yisuku kugirango ugire umutekano cyangwa mugukora isuku kugirango ubike amafaranga.
Igisubizo nugukoresha amakuru yo gupima gukusanya kugirango ugereranye neza bishoboka. Niba amakuru yerekana ko kwirundanya bigeze mumateka nyuma y'amezi cumi n'abiri, isuku yo gukumira mumezi icumi ni ubushishozi. Niba amakuru yerekana ko kwirundanya bitigeze bigera ku mbibi na nyuma y'amezi makumyabiri n'ane, isuku yo gukumira mu mezi cumi n'abiri birashoboka ko atari ngombwa.
Igice cya munani: Gushyira mubikorwa Gahunda yo gupima
Gahunda yo gupima neza isaba ibintu bitatu: uburyo bwasobanuwe, inshingano zahawe, hamwe nibisubizo byanditse.
Uburyo bugomba kwerekana silos zapimwe, ahantu muri buri silo, uburyo bwo gupima bukoreshwa, inshuro zapimwe, nibikorwa bikorwa nibisubizo bitandukanye byo gupima. Inzira igomba kwandikwa kandi igera kubakozi bose bireba.
Inshingano igomba guhabwa umuntu cyangwa itsinda runaka. Mubikoresho bito, umutekinisiye umwe wo kubungabunga arashobora gukora ibipimo byose. Mubikoresho binini, ibipimo birashobora gukwirakwizwa muburyo bwinshi cyangwa ahantu. Umuntu wese ukora ibipimo akenera amahugurwa kuburyo no kwandika ibisubizo bihoraho.
Ibisubizo bigomba kwandikwa muburyo bworoshye, nkurupapuro rwerekana urupapuro rwitariki, kumenyekanisha silo, ahantu, agaciro ko gupima, hamwe nibisobanuro kumikorere. Ibisubizo byanditse bitanga urufatiro rwo gusesengura ibyerekezo no gufata ibyemezo inshuro.
Gahunda yo gupima ntabwo ikeneye kuba ingorabahizi. Inkoni yoroheje yumvikana, igipimo cya kaseti, hamwe nurupapuro rusesuye birahagije kugirango ushyire mubikorwa gahunda nziza ku giciro gito. Agaciro kari murwego rwo guhuza amakuru, ntabwo ari ubuhanga bwibikoresho.
Igice cya cyenda: Amakosa asanzwe nuburyo bwo kuyirinda
Amakosa menshi asanzwe abangamira gahunda zo gupima. Kumenya aya makosa bifasha ibikoresho kubyirinda.
Ikosa rya mbere ni ugupima ahantu hamwe buri gihe. Kwiyongera akenshi biratandukana bitewe na silo. Gupima gusa ahantu hashobora kugerwaho hashobora kubura kwiyubaka ahandi. Igisubizo nukupima ahantu henshi no gukurikirana buri kimwe ukwacyo.
Ikosa rya kabiri ni tekinike yo gupima idahuye. Umukoresha umwe apima santimetero yegereye. Ikigereranyo. Umukoresha umwe apima kumwanya umwe wa silo. Iyindi ngamba uhereye muburyo butandukanye. Igisubizo cyanditse inzira n'amahugurwa.
Ikosa rya gatatu ni kunanirwa kwandika imiterere yimikorere. Ibipimo byo gupima bidafite imiterere biragoye kubisobanura. Ubwiyongere butunguranye bwo kwirundanya bushobora guterwa nimpinduka yibintu, ihindagurika ryikirere, cyangwa ikosa ryo gupimwa. Imiterere yo gufata amajwi ifasha gutandukanya inzira nyazo n urusaku.
Ikosa rya kane ni gufata gahunda yo gupima nkubushake. Iyo igihingwa gihuze, ibipimo birasimbuka. Iyo igihingwa gitinze, hafatwa ibipimo. Iyi gahunda idahuye ituma isesengura ryikigero ritizerwa. Igisubizo nugufata ibipimo nkigikorwa gisabwa hamwe nigihe cyagenwe.
Ikosa rya gatanu ni kunanirwa gukora ku makuru. Ibipimo bifatwa, byandikwa, kandi bitangwa. Ntawe ubisubiramo. Nta byemezo bishingiye kuri byo. Igisubizo nugusubiramo amakuru yo gupimwa buri gihe, nko mu nama yo kubungabunga buri kwezi, no gukoresha amakuru kugirango ufate ibyemezo bigaragara kubyerekeye isuku inshuro.
Igice cya cumi: Igihe cyo Kwoza, Igihe cyo Kureka Wenyine
Umusaruro wanyuma wa gahunda yo gupima nicyizere mugusukura ibyemezo. Hamwe namakuru yizewe, umuyobozi wuruganda arashobora gusubiza ikibazo cyo kumenya niba silo ikeneye isuku ufite ikizere.
Isuku mugihe ibipimo byo gukusanya byerekana ko silo yegereye umuryango aho biteganijwe ko ibibazo bitemba. Isuku iyo umurongo ugenda werekana ko kwirundanya byihuta, nubwo urwego ruri munsi yurwego. Isuku nyuma yimpinduka yibintu bizwiho kongera kwirundanya, nubwo ibipimo bitaremeza ubwiyongere.
Kureka silo wenyine mugihe ibipimo byo gukusanya bihamye kandi munsi yumuryango. Kureka silo wenyine mugihe amakuru yashize yerekana ko ibihe bitandukanye bihinduka byigihe gito. Kureka silo wenyine mugihe isuku yakenera guhagarara byatera igihombo cyinshi kuruta isuku yakwirinda.
Icyemezo gihora ari urubanza, ariko ni urubanza rumenyeshwa namakuru aho kubitekerezaho. Igihe kirenze, amakuru atezimbere urubanza. Ibipimo byinshi ikigo gikusanya, niko ibyemezo byacyo biba byiza.
Umwanzuro
Gusukura inshuro ntabwo arikibazo gifite igisubizo kimwe cyukuri. Biterwa nibintu bifatika, igishushanyo cya silo, imiterere yimikorere, hamwe no kwihanganira ikigo. Inshuro iboneye yikigo kimwe ni bibi kubindi.
Urwego rutangwa muriyi ngingo rutanga inzira yo gufata ibyemezo byiza. Gupima kwirundanya buri gihe. Shiraho amakuru y'ibanze kuri buri silo. Shiraho urwego ruringaniza ibiciro byogusukura hamwe ningaruka zo gutsindwa. Hindura inshuro uko ibintu bihinduka. Ongera usubiremo gahunda buri gihe kandi uyinonosore ukurikije uburambe.
Igiciro cyo gushyira mubikorwa iki cyiciro ni gito. Inkoni yumvikana, igipimo cya kaseti, n'urupapuro rusesuye ni ibikoresho byose bisabwa. Igihe cyo gushora ni iminota mike kuri silo buri kwezi.
Inyungu irahambaye. Isuku mugihe gikenewe, ntabwo kuri gahunda yagenwe, igabanya ikiguzi cyogusukura bitari ngombwa. Isuku mbere yo kwegeranya igera kurwego rukomeye birinda kunanirwa byihutirwa. Ihuriro ryibiciro biri hasi kandi byizewe cyane ni inyungu yuburyo bwo gupima.
Kubikoresho bitigeze bikurikirana kwirundanya kuri gahunda, umwaka wambere wibipimo uzaba ugaragaza. Amakuru azerekana silos ikeneye isuku kenshi kandi ishobora gusigara igihe kirekire. Bizerekana niba gahunda yo gukora isuku iriho kenshi cyane, ni gake cyane, cyangwa byombi kuri silos zitandukanye. Kandi bizatanga ishingiro rya gahunda isobanutse, irinzwe.
