Isuku ya Silo ni kimwe mubikorwa byangiza gahunda yo gufata neza inganda. Abakozi binjira ahantu hafunzwe hifashishijwe umwuka muke, ibintu bitajegajega bishobora gusenyuka, hamwe nikirere gishobora kuba uburozi cyangwa ogisijeni ibuze. Ibikoresho bikorera ahantu hafunganye ibice byimuka bishobora gufata imyenda cyangwa ingingo. Kandi akazi gakorwa kenshi mugihe cyumuvuduko kuko umusaruro utegereje.
Nubwo ibyo byago, ibikoresho byinshi bifata isuku ya silo nkakazi gasanzwe hamwe nubwitonzi busanzwe. Ubu buryo ntibuhagije. Buri silo, buri bikoresho, na buri buryo bwo gukora isuku byerekana ihuza ryihariye rishobora kumenyekana no kugenzurwa mbere yuko imirimo itangira.
Iyi ngingo itanga umurongo ngenderwaho wumutekano wo gusukura silo. Irasobanura ibyiciro byingenzi by’ibyago, isobanura uburyo bwo gusuzuma ingaruka ku bihe byihariye, ikanatanga ingamba zo kugenzura zishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku giciro gito. Ibyibandwaho nibikorwa bifatika abashinzwe inganda nabashinzwe kubungabunga bashobora gufata kugirango bagabanye ingaruka.
Ibyago byo mu kirere
Ikirere kiri imbere muri silo ni gake cyane kimeze nkumwuka wo hanze. Urwego rwa Oxygene rushobora kugabanuka bitewe nicyuma kibora, nigikorwa cyibinyabuzima mu bikoresho ngengabuzima, cyangwa no kwimurwa mu zindi myuka. Imyuka yubumara irashobora kuboneka mubintu bituruka kuri gaze, kubora, cyangwa kubitera imiti. Imyuka yaka cyangwa ivumbi birashobora guteza impanuka.
Kubura Oxygene ni ingaruka zikunze kugaragara mu kirere muri silos. Umwuka usanzwe urimo ogisijeni hafi makumyabiri na rimwe ku ijana. Munsi ya cumi n'icyenda nigice, abakozi batangira guhura nubucamanza no guhuza ibikorwa. Munsi ya cumi na gatandatu ku ijana, imikorere yumubiri igabanuka cyane. Munsi ya cumi na kabiri ku ijana, ubwenge buratakaye. Urupfu rubaho muminota mike munsi yijana.
Impamvu zitera kubura ogisijeni ziratandukanye. Ibyuma bitwara ogisijeni. Ibikoresho kama nkibinyampeke cyangwa ibiti bikoresha ogisijeni binyuze mubikorwa bya mikorobe. Gushiramo imyuka ikoreshwa mu kuzimya umuriro cyangwa kubika ibikoresho byimura ogisijeni. Ndetse ibikoresho ubwabyo, niba byarabitswe igihe kinini, birashobora kuba byarakoresheje ogisijeni binyuze mumiti.
Imyuka yuburozi nayo irasanzwe. Hydrogen sulfide, monoxyde de carbone, na dioxyde de sulfure irashobora kuboneka mubikoresho bimwe. Methane hamwe nizindi myuka yaka irashobora kwegeranya. Ibyago byihariye biterwa nibikoresho hamwe nububiko.
Igipimo cyo kugenzura ingaruka ziterwa nikirere ni ukugerageza no guhumeka. Mbere yuko umuntu uwo ari we wese yinjira muri silo, ikirere kigomba kugeragezwa hifashishijwe monitor ya gaze. Ikizamini kigomba kuba gikubiyemo umwuka wa ogisijeni, ingufu za gaze yaka umuriro, hamwe na gaze yubumara ikwiranye nibikoresho. Kwipimisha bigomba gukorwa mubyiciro byinshi kuko imyuka itandukana. Imyuka iremereye itura hafi. Imyuka yoroheje izamuka hejuru.
Gukomeza gukurikirana birakenewe mugihe cyo kwinjira. Ikirere kirashobora guhinduka nkuko ibikoresho bihungabanye cyangwa nkuko guhumeka bihindura ibihe. Monitor yambarwa na buriwinjira itanga integuza yihuse yimpinduka.
Guhumeka ku gahato birasabwa mbere no mugihe cyo kwinjira. Guhumeka bigomba kuba bihagije kugirango urwego rwa ogisijeni rutekanye kandi rukureho imyuka yangiza cyangwa yaka umuriro. Umwuka uhumeka ugomba kuvanwa ahantu hasukuye, ntabwo uva ahantu hashobora kuba hari umwuka cyangwa ibindi bihumanya.
Ibyago byumubiri - Kwishongora no Kwinjira
Kwishongora nikintu cyica cyane mugusukura silo. Ibikoresho bigaragara ko bihamye birashobora gusenyuka gitunguranye, gushyingura abakozi munsi ya toni yibikomeye. Uburemere bwibikoresho butuma gutabarwa bidashoboka mubihe byinshi.
Kwishongora bibaho mugihe ibintu bihungabanye bikabura imbaraga zimbere. Ihungabana rishobora guturuka ku mirimo yo gukora isuku ubwayo, kuva kunyeganyega, cyangwa ku buremere bw'abakozi hejuru y'ibikoresho. Gusenyuka birashobora kubaho nta nteguza kandi birashobora gushyingura abakozi mumasegonda.
Ingamba zo kugenzura kwifata ni ukwigunga hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo gukora. Abakozi ntibagomba kwinjira muri silo ifite ibikoresho hejuru yabo keretse niba ibikoresho byahinduwe cyangwa byavanyweho. Ibi bivuze koza kuva hejuru hejuru, gukuramo ibikoresho mubyongeweho kugenzurwa aho gukora uhereye hasi.
Iyo kwinjira ari ngombwa mugusukura, ibikoresho biri hejuru yumurimo bigomba kuvaho cyangwa bigahinduka. Ibi birashobora gukorwa mugusukura silo hejuru ukoresheje ibikoresho bya kure mbere yo kwinjira, cyangwa mugukora kumurongo urinda abakozi ibikoresho hejuru.
Uburyo bwo gufunga no gutondeka bigomba gukoreshwa mubikoresho byose bitwara ibikoresho bihujwe na silo. Abagaburira, abatwara ibintu, nibikoresho byo gusohora bigomba gufungwa kugirango birinde ibintu bitunguranye. Gufunga bigomba kugenzurwa, ntabwo byafashwe gusa.
Ibyago byumubiri - Kugwa kuva murwego rwo hejuru
Gusukura Silo akenshi bisaba akazi murwego rwo hejuru. Abakozi barashobora kugera kuri silo banyuze hejuru, bisaba kuzamuka cyangwa gukoresha lift. Imbere yimbere irashobora gukenerwa kugirango igere kurukuta. Kugwa kuri ubu burebure birashobora gutera igikomere cyangwa urupfu.
Ingamba zo kugenzura kugwa ni izamu, sisitemu yo gufata umuntu kugiti cye, hamwe na scafolding. Kurinda bigomba gushyirwaho hejuru ya silo yose ifunguye. Sisitemu yo gufata kugwa, harimo ibikoresho byose byumubiri hamwe na lanyard, bigomba kwambarwa numuntu wese ufite ibyago byo kugwa. Sisitemu yo gufata kugwa igomba kuba yometse kumiterere ishoboye gushyigikira umutwaro usabwa.
Scafolding imbere muri silo igomba gushyirwaho nabakozi babishoboye kandi ikagenzurwa mbere yo kuyikoresha. Scafolding igomba kuba yagenewe imitwaro izatwara, harimo abakozi, ibikoresho, nibikoresho bishobora kugwa kuri yo.
Kugera ku ngazi no ku ngazi bigomba kuba bimeze neza. Ibyangiritse byangiritse, hejuru yinyerera, hamwe nintoki zabuze ni ibyago bisanzwe bishobora gukosorwa kubiciro buke.
Ibyago Byumubiri - Ibikoresho Bifitanye isano
Ibikoresho byogusukura bitera ingaruka zabyo. Kumena pneumatike, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, nibikoresho bya hydraulic birashobora gutera kugabanuka, kumenagura, no gucibwa niba bitarinzwe neza. Ibikoresho byogukoresha amazi menshi birashobora gukata cyane, gukomeretsa amaso, no gukomeretsa inshinge aho amazi yinjira muruhu.
Ingamba zo kugenzura ibyago byangiza ibikoresho ni ukurinda, gufunga, nibikoresho bikingira umuntu. Ibice byimuka bigomba kurindwa kugirango wirinde guhura. Ibikoresho bigomba kugenzurwa mbere yo gukoreshwa kugirango umenye neza ko bimeze neza. Ibikoresho bifite inenge bigomba gukurwa muri serivisi.
Ibikoresho byohereza amazi menshi bigomba gukoreshwa nabakozi bahuguwe. Indege ntigomba kwerekezwa kumuntu. Nozzle igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho byapfuye byahagaritse indege niba uyikoresha arekuye imbarutso.
Ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa muri silo bigomba kuba bihagaze neza kugirango birinde gusohoka neza. Ibi nibyingenzi cyane mugihe ukorana nibikoresho byaka cyangwa mubirere bishobora guturika.
Ibyago byumubiri - Urusaku no kunyeganyega
Gusukura Silo ni akazi gasakuza. Pneumatike yameneka, viboters, nibikoresho bikoresha ibikoresho bishobora kubyara urusaku hejuru yumupaka utekanye. Guhura nurusaku rwinshi bitera kunanirwa kwumva burigihe.
Igipimo cyo kugenzura urusaku ni ukurinda kumva. Abakozi bagomba kwambara ibyuma birinda kumva, haba mu gutwi cyangwa gutwi, mugihe urusaku rurenze imipaka yemewe. Abashinzwe kurinda bagomba gushyirwaho neza no kwambarwa mugihe cyose.
Kunyeganyega biva mu bikoresho birashobora gutera syndrome yintoki zintoki, indwara yangiza imitsi nimiyoboro yamaraso mumaboko. Ingamba zo kugenzura zirimo kugabanya igihe cyo kwerekana, ukoresheje uturindantoki two kurwanya vibrasiya, no kubungabunga ibikoresho kugirango ugabanye kunyeganyega.
Ibyago bya Shimi
Imiti ikoreshwa mugusukura silo irashobora guteza akaga. Umuti, ibikoresho byoza, nibindi bikoresho byogusukura birashobora gutera uburibwe bwuruhu, ibibazo byubuhumekero, cyangwa ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima. Ndetse n'amazi, iyo avanze nibikoresho bimwe, birashobora guteza ibihe bibi.
Ingamba zo kugenzura ingaruka ziterwa n’imiti ni ugusimbuza, kwigunga, nibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu. Ibikoresho bisukura neza bigomba gukoreshwa igihe cyose bishoboka. Abakozi bagomba kurindwa guhura hakoreshejwe gants, amadarubindi, n imyenda ikingira.
Iyo amazi akoreshwa mugusukura, amazi yatemba ashobora kuba arimo ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga. Amazi atemba agomba kuba arimo kandi akajugunywa neza. Imiyoboro igomba kurindwa kugirango hirindwe ibidukikije.
Impapuro zumutekano wibikoresho zigomba gusubirwamo mbere yigikorwa icyo aricyo cyose cyogusukura. Impapuro zamakuru zerekana ingaruka zibikoresho bisukurwa hamwe nisuku ikoreshwa. Batanga kandi ubuyobozi ku ngamba zo gukingira.
Kugenzura Ingufu Zangiza
Ingufu zangiza zituruka kumashanyarazi, ubukanishi, pneumatike, na hydraulic zigomba kugenzurwa mugihe cyo koza silo. Ingufu zitunguranye zirashobora gutera igikomere cyangwa urupfu.
Igipimo cyo kugenzura ni lockout na tagout. Inkomoko zose zingufu zihujwe na silo zigomba kumenyekana, kwigunga, no gufunga. Ibi birimo ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuri moteri, gutanga pneumatike kuri valve, no gutanga hydraulic kubikoresho.
Ibikoresho byo gufunga bigomba gukoreshwa muburyo bukumira ingufu zitunguranye. Buri mukozi agomba gukoresha urufunguzo rwe nurufunguzo. Tagi igomba gukoreshwa kugirango yerekane ko imirimo ikomeje kandi ko ibikoresho bitagomba gukoreshwa.
Kugenzura ni ngombwa. Nyuma yo gufunga n'ibirango bimaze gukoreshwa, ibikoresho bigomba kugeragezwa kugirango hemezwe ko bifite ingufu. Iki kizamini kigomba gukorwa numuntu uzahura ningaruka.
Kugenzura Ubuvuzi hamwe nubuzima bwiza
Ntabwo buri mukozi akwiriye gukora isuku ya silo. Ibyifuzo byumubiri byakazi, bifatanije nibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, bisaba ko abakozi bagira ubuzima bwiza.
Gahunda yo kugenzura ubuvuzi igomba kuba ikubiyemo umubiri mbere yakazi, ibizamini byigihe, hamwe nisuzuma ryibyabaye. Abakozi bagomba gusuzumwa kubuzima bwumutima nimiyoboro, imikorere yubuhumekero, nubushobozi bwumubiri.
Abakozi bafite ibibazo nkindwara z'umutima, asima, cyangwa ibibazo bya musculoskeletal barashobora kugira ibyago byinshi mugihe cyo koza silo. Imipaka yabo igomba gusuzumwa mugihe utanga akazi.
Kwitwara neza kumurimo bikubiyemo no gukora neza akazi. Abakozi ntibagomba guhabwa isuku ya silo niba bananiwe, barwaye, cyangwa babangamiwe n'imiti cyangwa ibindi bintu. Gahunda y'akazi igomba gutegurwa kugirango irinde umunaniro ukabije.
Gutegura byihutirwa no gutabara
Nuburyo bwose bwo kwirinda, ibintu byihutirwa bibaho. Guteganya ibihe byihutirwa bigabanya ingaruka iyo zibikoze.
Gahunda yihutirwa igomba kuba ikubiyemo ingingo zo gutabara silo. Gutabara ahantu hafunzwe biragoye kandi bitwara igihe. Gahunda igomba kwerekana uzakora ubutabazi, ibikoresho bizakoreshwa, nuburyo gutabara bizahuzwa.
Ibikoresho byo gutabara bigomba kuboneka no kubungabungwa. Ibi birimo trapode, winches, ibikoresho, nibindi bikoresho bikenerwa mugutabara umwanya. Abakozi bagomba guhugurwa mugukoresha ibikoresho.
Itumanaho rigomba gushyirwaho hagati y abakozi bashinzwe nitsinda ryabatabazi. Sisitemu y'itumanaho igomba kuba yizewe kandi igomba kugeragezwa mbere yuko imirimo itangira.
Gahunda yihutirwa igomba gusubirwamo nabakozi bose mbere yuko isuku ya silo itangira. Abakozi bagomba kumenya icyo gukora mugihe habaye umuriro, impanuka yibintu, cyangwa byihutirwa mubuvuzi.
Kugenzura no kugenzura akazi
Kugenzura neza ni ngombwa mugusukura silo itekanye. Umugenzuzi agomba kumva ingaruka zakazi kandi agomba kuba ahari kugirango yubahirize inzira z'umutekano.
Abagenzuzi bagomba guhugurwa muburyo bwo kwinjira mu kirere no mu byago byihariye byo gusukura silo. Bagomba kugira uburenganzira bwo guhagarika akazi mugihe ibintu bimeze nabi.
Uruhushya rwakazi rugomba gutangwa kugirango isuku ya silo yose. Uruhushya rugomba kwerekana abakozi, imirimo igomba gukorwa, ingaruka, n'ingamba zo kugenzura. Uruhushya rugomba gusubirwamo no kuvugururwa uko bikenewe.
Abakozi bagomba kuba bujuje ibisabwa kubikorwa bakora. Ibisabwa birimo amahugurwa, uburambe, no kwerekana ubushobozi. Abakozi ntibagomba guhabwa imirimo batujuje ibyangombwa.
Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu
Ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu niwo murongo wanyuma wo kwirwanaho. Irinda abakozi mugihe ubundi igenzura ridahagije.
Ibikoresho byibuze birinda isuku ya silo birimo ingofero zikomeye, ibirahure byumutekano cyangwa amadarubindi, gants, inkweto zirinda, hamwe no kurinda kumva. Ibikoresho byinyongera birashobora gukenerwa bitewe nibibazo.
Kurinda ubuhumekero akenshi bisabwa mugusukura silo. Ubwoko bwo kurinda ubuhumekero bushingiye ku kaga. Imyuka ihumeka ikirere ikuraho umwanda. Imyuka ihumeka itanga umwuka mwiza uturutse ahantu hatandukanye.
Imyenda ikingira irinda abakozi ingaruka z’imiti n’umubiri. Igipfukisho, amakositimu yimiti, hamwe nuburinzi bwumuriro birashobora gukenerwa bitewe nuburyo ibintu bimeze.
Ibikoresho byose byokwirinda bigomba gushyirwaho neza no kubungabungwa. Abakozi bagomba guhugurwa mugukoresha ibikoresho byabo.
Amahugurwa n'ubushobozi
Amahugurwa niyo shingiro ryogusukura silo itekanye. Abakozi bumva ingaruka n'ingamba zo kugenzura birashoboka cyane ko bakora neza.
Amahugurwa abanza agomba kwerekana ingaruka zo gusukura silo, inzira zigomba gukurikizwa, no gukoresha ibikoresho byumutekano. Amahugurwa agomba kuba yanditse kandi agomba kuba arimo imyigaragambyo ifatika.
Amahugurwa yo kunonosora arakenewe mugihe gito. Ibyago bishya bigaragara kandi inzira zishaje zirahinduka. Abakozi bataruhutse barashobora kutanyurwa.
Abakozi bagomba gupimwa kubushobozi. Ikizamini kigomba kubamo ibice byanditse kandi bifatika. Abakozi batsinzwe ikizamini bagomba guhabwa andi mahugurwa.
Abagenzuzi bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa yinyongera mugukurikirana, gutabara byihutirwa, no kumenya ibyago. Abagenzuzi bahuguwe mumutekano barushaho gukumira impanuka.
Umuco wumutekano no gukomeza kunoza
Inzira nziza nibikoresho byiza ntacyo bikora nta muco wumutekano ubaha agaciro. Umuco wumutekano nugusangira gusobanukirwa nibyingenzi nuburyo ibintu bikorwa.
Umuco mwiza wumutekano ushishikarizwa kumenyekanisha ibyago hamwe na miss hafi. Iyo abakozi babonye ibyago, barabimenyesha. Iyo hafi ya miss zibaye, zirakorwaho iperereza. Aya makuru akoreshwa mugutezimbere inzira.
Umuco mwiza wumutekano wemera akamaro k'umutekano mu gufata ibyemezo. Umuvuduko wumusaruro ntabwo uhungabanya umutekano. Abakozi ntibasabwa gufata shortcuts zibangamira umutekano.
Umuco mwiza wumutekano urakomeje. Ntabwo bihagarara mugihe akazi karangiye. Irakomeza binyuze mu igenamigambi, amahugurwa, no gusuzuma.
Umwanzuro
Gusukura Silo ni akazi kabi. Ibyago birimo ingaruka zo mu kirere, gutwikwa, kugwa, ibikoresho bijyanye n’ibiza, imiti y’imiti, n’ingufu zishobora guteza akaga. Kugenzura ibyo byago bisaba inzira ihamye ikubiyemo kumenya, gusuzuma, no kugenzura.
Ingamba zo kugenzura zasobanuwe muriyi ngingo ni ngirakamaro kandi zirashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa ku giciro gito. Kwipimisha no guhumeka bigenzura ingaruka ziterwa nikirere. Kwigunga hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwakazi bugenzura kugenzura. Kurinda no kugwa sisitemu yo gufata kugwa. Kurinda no gufunga ibikoresho byangiza ibikoresho. Gusimbuza ibikoresho byo kurinda bigenzura ingaruka z’imiti.
Kugenzura neza, amahugurwa, no gutegura ibyihutirwa ni ngombwa. Abakozi bagomba kuba babishoboye kandi bafite ibikoresho byakazi. Abagenzuzi bagomba kubahiriza inzira z'umutekano no guhagarika akazi mugihe ibintu bimeze nabi.
Umutekano ntabwo ari ukurinda abakozi gusa. Nibijyanye no kurinda ikigo nibikorwa byacyo. Impanuka mugihe cyo gusukura silo irashobora gutera umusaruro, kwangiza ibikoresho, nibihano. Ishoramari mu mutekano ntabwo ari ikiguzi. Nishoramari mubikorwa byizewe.
Kubikoresho bifata neza umutekano wogusukura silo, kwishyura ntabwo ari impanuka nke. Nibyiza kandi abakozi biteguye neza, ibikorwa byogukora isuku byizewe, hamwe nicyizere kinini mubushobozi bwikigo cyo gucunga ingaruka zacyo.
