Umwanya umenyereye buri muyobozi wibihingwa. Igenzura risohora ryerekana zeru. Inzira yo hasi irashonje. Umukoresha ahamagara kubungabunga n'amagambo ntamuntu numwe ushaka kumva: silo yacometse.
Ibizakurikiraho byerekana niba ikibazo gikemutse mumasaha cyangwa muminsi, niba ikiguzi kirimo cyangwa kizunguruka, kandi niba silo isubira mubikorwa byizewe cyangwa ikananirwa nanone mubyumweru.
Igisubizo cyo guhagarika silo kigomba gukurikiza igiti cyemezo, ntabwo gikurikiranye nikigeragezo nikosa. Buri intervention igira ikiguzi, igihe, hamwe nitsinzi ishoboka. Guhitamo neza biterwa nibikoresho, silo geometrie, ubukana bwo guhagarika, hamwe nibikoresho bihari.
Iyi ngingo itanga icyemezo cyigisubizo cyo guhagarika silo. Irasobanura uburyo bwo gutabara iboneka, isobanura igihe buri kimwe gikwiye, kandi itanga ubuyobozi bufatika bwo guhitamo neza mugihe cyumuvuduko.
Igice cya mbere: Mbere yo Gukora Ikintu Cyose - Suzuma Ubwoko bwo Guhagarika
Inzitizi zose ntabwo ari zimwe. Intambwe yambere mugusubiza ni ukumenya ubwoko bwo guhagarika byabaye. Uburyo bukora kubwoko bumwe bushobora kuba ntacyo bumaze cyangwa bwangiza kubundi.
Itandukaniro rya mbere riri hagati yo kubika no gufata imbeba. Guteranya bisobanura ibikoresho byakoze uruzitiro ruhamye hejuru yisohoka. Nta bikoresho birimo. Silo igaragara yuzuye hejuru kandi irimo ubusa hepfo. Gutobora imbeba bisobanura umuyoboro muto wakozwe binyuze mubikoresho, kandi ibintu bikikije biguma bihagaze. Urujya n'uruza rurakomeza ariko ku gipimo cyagabanijwe, kandi urwego sensor irashobora kwerekana ibintu bihari mugihe gusohora bitinze.
Itandukaniro rya kabiri riri hagati yo guhagarika gusohoka no guhagarika hejuru muri silo. Guhagarika gusohoka akenshi biterwa no guhuza ibintu aho bisohokera, rimwe na rimwe bikajyana no kubangamira imashini. Inzitizi ndende mubisanzwe arche igizwe na metero nyinshi hejuru yisohoka. Ikibanza kigena uburyo bwo gutabara bushoboka.
Itandukaniro rya gatatu riri hagati yibintu bifatanye gusa nibikoresho byakomanze. Ibikoresho bifatanye birashobora guhindurwa no kunyeganyega cyangwa ingaruka. Ibikoresho bikomeye birashobora gusaba gukata, kumena, cyangwa gufata amazi. Itandukanyirizo rirashobora gukorwa mugupima ibibuza inkoni binyuze ku cyambu. Niba inkoni yinjiye byoroshye, ibikoresho birakomeye ariko ntibikomeye. Niba inkoni ihuye nikibazo gikomeye, ibikoresho byarakomeye.
Itandukaniro rya kane riri hagati yo guhagarika ibikoresho byumye no guhagarika ibikoresho bitose. Ibikoresho byumye bisubiza ikibazo cyo guhungabana. Ibikoresho bitose cyangwa bifashe birashobora gusaba inshinge cyangwa amazi kugirango ubirekure. Uburyo butari bwo burashobora gutuma ikibazo gikomera, nko kongeramo amazi kumurongo wa sima bizatera sima gusa gukomera.
Gukora itandukaniro bisaba amakuru. Abakozi bari bahari mugihe bahagaritswe bashobora kuba bararebye niba imigezi ihagarara gitunguranye cyangwa buhoro buhoro. Amateka ya silo ya vuba, harimo ibikoresho byabitswe, mugihe kingana iki, kandi mubihe bimeze, bitanga ibimenyetso. Kwihuta byihuse gushushanya silo yerekana geometrie hamwe nokugeraho ni ngombwa.
Igice cya kabiri: Igisubizo cya mbere kumurongo - Ingaruka zo hanze no kunyeganyega
Ibikorwa byoroheje bigomba kugeragezwa mbere kuko bifite igiciro gito kandi birashobora gukemura byihuse. Urufunguzo ni ukumenya igihe cyo guhagarika kugerageza uburyo bworoshye no kwimuka muburyo bukabije.
Inyundo y'urukuta rwa silo ukoresheje umuhoro cyangwa inyundo ya pneumatike nicyo gisubizo cyambere. Ingaruka zinyura mu rukuta kandi zirashobora kumena urukuta cyangwa kurekura ibintu byafashwe. Tekinike ikoreshwa neza mugice cya cone hafi yisohoka, aho ingufu zifite amahirwe menshi yo kugera kumurongo.
Ingaruka zo ku nyundo ni kwangirika kwurukuta no guhangayika. Inyundo zisubirwamo ahantu hamwe zishobora gutera ibyuma cyangwa kumena beto. Inyundo igomba gukoreshwa ahantu hanini aho kwibanda ku ngingo imwe. Abakora bagomba guhugurwa muburyo bukwiye kandi bemerewe guhagarara niba nta terambere ryakozwe nyuma yigihe gito.
Vibrator zashyizwe kurukuta rwa silo zirashobora gukora haba ubudahwema cyangwa muri pulses. Silos nyinshi zifite vibrateri zashyizweho kugirango zimenyekanishe bisanzwe. Iyo guhagarika bibaye, gukoresha izo vibrateri hejuru cyane cyangwa kumara igihe kirekire bishobora guhagarika.
Imikorere yinyeganyeza igabanuka nintera yinkomoko. Kunyeganyega gukoreshwa kumasoko bigira ingaruka kubintu hafi yisohoka ariko ntibishobora kugera kumurongo uri hejuru muri silo. Kubirindiro byinshi, kunyeganyega ntibishobora kugira ingaruka.
Ingaruka zo hanze hamwe no kunyeganyega bikora neza kubintu bidakabije byanyuze hejuru yisohoka. Ntabwo zikora neza kubintu byakomye cyangwa kubintu byakomatanyije mukibazo cyigihe kinini.
Igihe ntarengwa cyo gusubiza umurongo wa mbere kigomba gushyirwaho mbere. Amategeko asanzwe ni uko niba guhagarika bitarakuweho muminota cumi n'itanu kugeza kuri mirongo itatu yo gutabara hanze, igihe kirageze cyo kwimuka muburyo butandukanye. Gukomeza inyundo kuri blokage idasubiza guta igihe kandi bishobora guteza ibyangiritse.
Igice cya gatatu: Igisubizo cya kabiri kumurongo - Rodding and Probing
Iyo ingaruka zo hanze zananiwe, intambwe ikurikira ni ukugera kubintu bitanyuze kumugaragaro. Ibi biracyakorwa nta byinjira, ukoresheje inkoni ndende cyangwa amacumu yinjijwe binyuze ku byambu cyangwa unyuze hejuru ya silo.
Rodding ningirakamaro kumena ibiti biri hafi yicyambu. Inkoni iremereye, mubusanzwe santimetero imwe kugeza kuri ebyiri z'uburebure na metero icumi z'uburebure, yinjizwa mu cyambu igasunikwa hejuru mu bikoresho. Umukoresha akora inkoni inyuma no kumena inkuta no kwemerera ibikoresho gutemba.
Amacumu yo mu kirere ni itandukaniro rikoresha umwuka wugarije kugirango uhindure ibintu kure. Amacandwe yinjizwa mu cyambu cyo kwinjira kandi yerekeza kuri blocage. Umuyaga mwinshi uhagarika ibintu kandi urashobora gukora umuyoboro unyuramo. Amacumu yo mu kirere afite akamaro kanini kubikoresho byumye, byifu.
Amacumu y'amazi arashobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho bitumva neza. Amazi yumuvuduko mwinshi agabanya kubitsa bikomeye. Nyamara, amazi yongerera ububobere muri silo, bishobora gutera ibibazo nibikoresho bisigaye. Amacumu y'amazi ntagomba gukoreshwa muri sima, lime, cyangwa ibikoresho byose bishyiraho cyangwa bikomera mugihe bitose.
Ikibazo hamwe na rodding nikigera. Ibyambu byinjira mubisanzwe biherereye hafi yisohoka, bishobora kuba munsi yububiko. Mu bihe nk'ibi, inkoni iva hejuru irashobora gukenerwa, bisaba gukora kuva hejuru ya silo no gushyiramo inkoni ukoresheje ibikoresho, inzira irashobora kugorana niba ibikoresho byimbitse.
Kuzunguruka no kugerageza bigomba kugeragezwa mugihe cyagenwe, mubisanzwe iminota mirongo itatu kugeza kuri mirongo itandatu, mbere yo gukomeza muburyo bukomeye. Niba guhagarika bitangiye kumeneka nibintu bitangiye gutemba, inkoni igomba kubikwa kugirango ibungabunge umuyoboro kugeza silo irimo ubusa bihagije kugirango igabanye umuvuduko.
Igice cya kane: Umurongo wa gatatu Igisubizo - Ikirere cyo mu kirere hamwe na infashanyo zitemba
Silos nyinshi zifite ibikoresho byo mu kirere cyangwa infashanyo ya pneumatike ishobora koherezwa mugihe habaye guhagarara. Ndetse na silos idafite ibyubaka bihoraho irashobora kugira aho ihurira nibikoresho byoroshye.
Ikibunda cyo mu kirere kirekura giturumbuka cyumuyaga ucanye muri silo. Igisasu gihagarika ibikoresho kandi gishobora kumena inkuta cyangwa kugabanya urukuta. Ibibunda byo mu kirere bigira akamaro cyane iyo byerekejwe ahabigenewe. Imbunda nyinshi zarashwe zikurikiranye zirashobora gukora neza kuruta guturika kamwe.
Igihe cyo kurasa ikirere kirasa ibintu. Igisasu kimwe ntigishobora kuba gihagije. Urukurikirane rw'ibisasu, bigenda byiyongera mubitutu, birashobora kumena intagondwa. Intera iri hagati yo guturika igomba kwemerera ibikoresho gusubiza.
Imfashanyo zitemba nka fluidizers cyangwa slide zirashobora kuba munsi ya silo. Ibi bikoresho bitangiza umwuka binyuze mubitangazamakuru byoroshye kugirango bisukure ibintu kandi biteze imbere. Gukoresha ibyo bikoresho mugihe cyo guhagarika birashobora gufasha gutangira gutembera kugabanya ibikoresho bifatika.
Intambamyi y’ibisasu byo mu kirere hamwe n’imfashanyo zitemba ni uko zagenewe guteza imbere ibikorwa bisanzwe, ntabwo ari ukumena ububiko bukomeye. Niba guhagarika gukomera cyangwa guhuriza hamwe, umwuka urashobora kugira ingaruka nke. Mu bihe nk'ibi, harasabwa ubufasha bwa mashini.
Ibikoresho bifite silos nyinshi bigomba gusuzuma niba ibisasu byo mu kirere cyangwa ibikoresho bifasha bikwiranye nibikoresho byabo. Kubikoresho bikunda gushyirwaho, kwishyiriraho burundu ibyo bikoresho birashobora kugabanya inshuro zo guhagarika no gukenera cyane.
Igice cya gatanu: Igisubizo cya kane Igisubizo - Ibikoresho bikoreshwa kure
Iyo uburyo bwo hanze hamwe na rodding bidahagije, igikurikira ni ibikoresho bikoreshwa kure bishobora kwinjira muri silo no guca inzitizi nta bakozi binjiye.
Imashini za robo zisenya kure nigisubizo gikunze kuburizwamo bukabije. Izi mashini zimanurwa muri silo zinyuze hejuru cyangwa zinjizwa mu byambu binini byinjira. Bafite ibikoresho byo kumena hydraulic, gusya imitwe, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bimena ibintu bikomeye.
Ibyiza byibikoresho bikoreshwa kure ni uko bishobora kugera kuri blocage aho ariho hose muri silo no gukoresha imbaraga zikomeye. Ibikoresho birashobora kumena ibikoresho bidashoboka gukuraho inkoni cyangwa umwuka. Ikibi ni ikiguzi nigihe gikenewe cyo gukangurira ibikoresho.
Icyemezo cyo guhamagarira ibikoresho bikoreshwa kure bigomba gufatwa hakiri kare mugusubiza. Ibihe byambere birashobora kuba amasaha cyangwa iminsi ukurikije aho ibikoresho hamwe nabatanga serivisi. Gutegereza igihe kirekire kugirango guhamagarwa byongere igihe.
Ibikoresho bigendanwa biraboneka kubatanga serivisi kabuhariwe. Ibikoresho bimwe bifite ibikoresho byabyo kandi bikabigumana kugirango byihuse. Ubukungu bwa nyirubwite buterwa ninshuro zo guhagarika no kuboneka ibikoresho byo gukodesha mukarere.
Mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho bikoreshwa kure, uyikoresha agomba kuba afite igaragara neza muri silo. Ibi akenshi bisaba amatara yinyongera cyangwa sisitemu ya kamera. Ibikoresho bimeneka bigomba kuvaho kuko byacitse kugirango wirinde gushyingura ibikoresho. Guhuza ibikorwa byabakozi nibikoresho byikigo ni ngombwa.
Igice cya gatandatu: Ikiruhuko cyanyuma - Umwanya winjiye
Umwanya ufunzwe winjira nuburyo bwa nyuma, gukoreshwa gusa mugihe ubundi buryo bwose bwatsinzwe cyangwa bidashoboka. Ingaruka zo kwinjira ni nyinshi, zirimo ingaruka zo mu kirere, gutwarwa, no kugwa.
Iyo kwinjira ari ngombwa, igenamigambi rigomba kuba ryuzuye. Ikirere kigomba kugeragezwa kandi kigakomeza gukurikiranwa. Guhumeka ku gahato bigomba gutangwa. Sisitemu yo kugarura igomba kuba ihari. Abakozi bashinzwe ubutabazi bagomba guhagarikwa aho binjirira. Abakozi binjira bagomba gutozwa no kuba bafite ibyago byihariye.
Kwinjira ubwabyo mubisanzwe bikorwa naba rwiyemezamirimo kabuhariwe bafite uburambe bunini mumirimo ifunzwe. Abakozi b'ikigo ntibagomba gukoreshwa kugirango binjire keretse niba bahuguwe neza kandi bafite ibikoresho.
Akazi imbere muri silo karimo guca inzitizi kuva hejuru. Abakozi batangirira hejuru yo guhagarika kandi bakora hasi, bakuraho ibikoresho mubyongeweho. Ubu buryo burinda gusenyuka gutunguranye kwibintu bishobora gushyingura abakozi. Akazi gahoro kandi nuburyo.
Ikiringo cyumwanya winjiye kugirango uhagarike gukuraho gishobora kuba amasaha cyangwa iminsi bitewe nubunini bwibintu hamwe ningorabahizi zakazi. Abakozi basanzwe bagarukira mugihe gito cyakazi gikurikirwa nigihe cyo kuruhuka kubera ibyifuzo byumubiri byo gukora mubikoresho birinda.
Nyuma yo guhagarikwa, silo igomba kugenzurwa kugirango harebwe niba ibikoresho byose byavanyweho kandi ko inkuta na sisitemu yo gusohora bimeze neza. Uruhushya rwo kwinjira hamwe ninyandiko zijyanye nabyo bigomba kuzuzwa.
Igice cya karindwi: Igiti cyemezo mubikorwa
Ibibazo birindwi bikurikira bikora igiti kiyobora igisubizo gikurikirana.
Ikibazo cya mbere ni ubuhe bwoko bwo guhagarika? Umwobo cyangwa imbeba? Gusohoka cyangwa hejuru? Kwizirika cyangwa gukomera? Kuma cyangwa gutose? Ibisubizo byerekana uburyo bufite amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda.
Ikibazo cya kabiri twagerageje ingaruka zo hanze no kunyeganyega? Niba atari byo, tangirira aho. Niba ari yego kandi nta ntsinzi mugihe ntarengwa, komeza.
Ikibazo cya gatatu turashobora gukuramo ibibujijwe kuva ku cyambu? Niba ari yego, gerageza gukubita cyangwa guhumeka ikirere. Niba ari oya, cyangwa niba inkoni idashoboye mugihe ntarengwa, komeza.
Ikibazo cya kane dufite ibibunda byo mu kirere cyangwa imfashanyo zitemba zirahari? Niba ari yego, ubohereze. Niba atari byo, cyangwa niba batabigezeho, komeza.
Ikibazo cya gatanu ni ibikoresho bikoreshwa kure birahari kandi birakwiye? Niba ari yego, ubikangurire. Niba atari byo, cyangwa niba kuyobora igihe bitemewe, komeza.
Ikibazo cya gatandatu kigarukira mu kirere gikenewe kandi gifite umutekano? Niba ari yego, tegura kandi ukore ibyinjira. Niba atari byo, ongera usuzume intambwe zabanje.
Ikibazo cya karindwi, kigomba kubazwa mugihe cyose, niki twokora kugirango tubuze ko kuzitira kugaruka? Igisubizo cyibyabaye kigomba kubamo gahunda yo gukumira.
Igiti cyicyemezo kigomba kwandikwa nkuburyo bwanditse kandi kigasuzumwa nitsinda ryabashinzwe kubungabunga mbere yo guhagarika. Muguhangayikishwa nibyabaye, kugira uburyo bwanditse bibuza ikipe gusimbuka muburyo bukaze cyane cyangwa gutinda cyane kuburyo budakora.
Igice cya munani: Kurinda ko byagaruka mugihe cyo gusubiza
Igisubizo kuri blocage nigihe cyo gukusanya amakuru yo gukumira. Indorerezi zakozwe mugihe cyo gutabara zirashobora kwerekana intandaro.
Niba guhagarika byatewe no kubika ahasohoka, ingano yo gusohoka irashobora kuba nto cyane kubikoresho. Niba kuziba byatewe no gukomera kubintu mugihe cyo kubika, igihe cyo gutura gishobora gukenera kugabanuka. Niba kuziba byatewe no kwirundanya kwurukuta rwaguye kumuyoboro utemba, inkuta zirashobora gukenera imirongo cyangwa inshuro zisukura zishobora kwiyongera.
Ibikoresho byakuwe muri blokage bigomba gusuzumwa. Imiterere yacyo itanga ibimenyetso. Birakomeye kuruta ibisanzwe? Biratose kuruta ibisanzwe? Harimo ibintu by'amahanga? Ibisubizo byerekana ingamba zihariye zo gukumira.
Amafoto n'ibipimo byafashwe mugihe cyo gusubiza bigomba kuba byanditse. Izi nyandiko ziba igice cyamateka yikigo kandi zishobora kwerekanwa mugihe ibisa nkibi bibaye cyangwa mugihe harebwa ishoramari ryo gukumira.
Igice Cyenda: Igihe cyo guhamagarira ubufasha
Kimwe mu byemezo bigoye mubisubizo byo guhagarika ni igihe cyo guhamagarira ubufasha hanze. Ishema ningengo yimari irashobora kuyobora amakipe kugerageza uburyo burenze ubushobozi bwabo cyangwa gukomeza nuburyo butagira ingaruka kurenza uko byakagombye.
Imbarutso yo gufasha hanze igomba gushingira kumwanya nubuhanga. Niba ibibujijwe bitarakuweho mumasaha ane uhereye igisubizo cya mbere, hagomba gutekerezwa ubufasha bwumwuga. Niba uburyo bukenewe, nkibikoresho byakoreshwaga kure cyangwa ibyinjira byinjira, bisaba ibikoresho kabuhariwe cyangwa amahugurwa ikigo kidafite, hamagara ako kanya.
Abatanga serivise kabuhariwe bafite uburambe nibikoresho ibikoresho byinshi bidashobora gutsindishiriza gutunga. Igiciro cyabo ni kinini, ariko ikiguzi cyigihe kinini cyo hejuru ni kinini. Icyemezo cyo guhamagara kigomba gushingira ku bukungu aho gushingira ku kwanga gutsindwa.
Igihe cyo kuyobora kubufasha hanze ni amasaha menshi. Guhamagara hakiri kare bisobanura ubufasha bugera kare. Gutegereza guhamagara bivuze ko ubufasha bugera nyuma, kandi guhagarika byicaye bidakemutse igihe kirekire.
Igice cya cumi: Nyuma yo guhagarikwa
Akazi ntabwo karangiye iyo gutembera gusubukuwe. Ibikorwa byo guhagarika ibikorwa byerekana niba silo isubira mubikorwa byizewe.
Silo igomba kugenzurwa kugirango harebwe niba ibikoresho byose byakuwe ahantu hafunzwe. Ibikoresho byose bisigaye bishobora gutera kugaruka. Ubugenzuzi bugomba kubamo kugenzura inkuta, gusohoka, n'ibikoresho byo gusohora byangiritse.
Impamvu yo guhagarika igomba kwandikwa no gusubirwamo. Ni ubuhe buryo bwatumye bahagarikwa? Byari byarahanuwe? Byashoboraga gukumirwa? Ibisubizo bigomba kwandikwa no gukoreshwa muguhindura inshuro zogusukura cyangwa gahunda yo kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Ibikoresho byafunzwe bigomba gutondekwa no kugeragezwa. Imiterere yacyo irashobora kuba yarahindutse mugihe cyo kubika. Niba ibikoresho bitagikwiriye gukoreshwa, bigomba kujugunywa neza.
Inama yo gusuzuma igomba gukorwa hamwe nitsinda risubiza. Ni iki cyagenze neza? Ni iki cyari gukorwa neza? Amasomo yize agomba kwinjizwa muburyo bwo gusubiza.
Hanyuma, silo igomba gukurikiranirwa hafi mumasaha yambere niminsi nyuma yo gutemba. Gusubiramo birashoboka niba ibikoresho bisigaye bisigaye cyangwa niba ibintu byateje ikibazo bitakemuwe.
Umwanzuro
Guhagarika Silo byanze bikunze mubikoresho byose bibika ibikoresho byinshi. Itandukaniro riri hagati y igisubizo gicungwa neza nigicungwa nabi gipimwa mumasaha yo gutaha hamwe nibihumbi byamadorari yikiguzi.
Icyemezo cyibiti inzira itanga imiterere kubisubizo. Irinda amakipe kugerageza uburyo muburyo butari bwo. Ishiraho igihe ntarengwa kuri buri buryo. Kandi ikubiyemo ingingo zifatika zifatika zigihe cyo kuzamuka kugirango ibikorwa byitabweho cyane.
Urufunguzo rwibisubizo bifatika ni ugutegura. Andika icyemezo cyigiti mbere yicyabaye. Hugura itsinda ryo kubungabunga kuri buri buryo. Shiraho umubano nabatanga serivisi kabuhariwe mbere yuko zikenerwa. Komeza ibikoresho bikenewe muburyo bwa mbere nkinkoni, viboters, hamwe nu kirere.
Iyo guhagarika bibaye, kurikiza urukurikirane. Tangira nuburyo bworoshye. Gutera imbere muburyo bukomeye gusa mugihe uburyo bworoshye bwananiranye. Hamagara ubufasha mugihe ibintu birenze ubushobozi bwimbere. Kandi burigihe ufate imyigire yo gukumira.
Guhagarika byakemuwe mumasaha atandatu bigura munsi yimwe ifata iminsi itatu. Itandukaniro nugutegura no kubahiriza gahunda yo gusubiza neza.
